描述和检测由不一致的版本规范引起的Python版本不兼容

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2025.112337

Shuo Li , Haocheng Gao , Wei Chen , Yi Li , Haoxiang Tian , Chengwei Liu , Dan Ye

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引用次数: 0

摘要

Python解释器是开发Python项目的基础。配置兼容的Python版本对于打包和重用Python生态系统中的第三方库（tpl）至关重要。当第三方库的Python发行版版本范围约束声明不正确时，可能会导致客户端项目使用该库时出现安装失败或运行时错误。我们称这种错误为Python发行版本规范错误（PDSpecErr）。PDSpecErrs没有得到充分的研究，仍然缺乏一种方法来保证Python版本规范的正确性。为了对抗PDSpecErrs并减轻其对下游应用的不利影响，我们对3000个现实世界的tpl进行了首次探索性研究，以调查PDSpecErrs的患病率、症状类别和诊断模式。在综合研究的基础上，我们设计并实现了PyChecker，一个自动检测tpl中的PDSpecErrs，定位根本原因并生成修复解决方案的工具。我们对3000个TPL版本的PyChecker进行了评估，PyChecker检测到842个PDSpecErrs，报告了它们的根本原因并建议修复解决方案。我们已向有关发展商报告了52个pdspecerers。到目前为止，已经根据我们的建议确认并修复了32个问题。

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Characterizing and detecting Python version incompatibilities caused by inconsistent version specifications

Python interpreter serves as the foundation for developing Python projects. Configuring compatible Python version is essential for packaging and reusing third-party libraries (TPLs) in the Python ecosystem. When the Python distribution version range constraint of a third-party library is incorrectly declared, it may lead to installation failures or runtime errors when the library is used by a client project. We call such errors Python Distribution Version Specification Error (PDSpecErr). PDSpecErrs are not studied adequately and there still lacks a method to guarantee the correctness of Python version specifications. To combat PDSpecErrs and mitigate their adverse impacts on downstream applications, we conducted the first exploratory study on 3000 real-world TPLs to investigate PDSpecErrs about their prevalence, symptom categories, and diagnostic patterns. Based on the comprehensive study, we designed and implemented PyChecker, a tool to automatically detect PDSpecErrs in TPLs, locate root causes, and generate fixing solutions. We evaluated PyChecker on 3000 TPL releases and PyChecker detected 842 PDSpecErrs, reporting their root causes and recommending fixing solutions. We have reported 52 PDSpecErrs to the concerned developers. So far, 32 issues have been confirmed and fixed according to our suggestions.

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来源期刊

Journal of Systems and Software 工程技术-计算机：理论方法

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

5.70%

发文量

193

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Systems and Software publishes papers covering all aspects of software engineering and related hardware-software-systems issues. All articles should include a validation of the idea presented, e.g. through case studies, experiments, or systematic comparisons with other approaches already in practice. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: •Methods and tools for, and empirical studies on, software requirements, design, architecture, verification and validation, maintenance and evolution •Agile, model-driven, service-oriented, open source and global software development •Approaches for mobile, multiprocessing, real-time, distributed, cloud-based, dependable and virtualized systems •Human factors and management concerns of software development •Data management and big data issues of software systems •Metrics and evaluation, data mining of software development resources •Business and economic aspects of software development processes The journal welcomes state-of-the-art surveys and reports of practical experience for all of these topics.