Pediatric Awake Craniotomy: An Educational Review.

Background: Awake craniotomies with functional cortical mapping are performed to minimize post-operative deficits from the resection of lesions adjacent to eloquent cortex. The procedure is well-established in the adult patient population and is increasingly applied to well-selected pediatric patients. A review of recent literature demonstrated that the most commonly reported anesthetic techniques were "asleep-awake-asleep" protocols that relied on propofol, remifentanil, or fentanyl.

Main article: This educational review discusses the unique challenges that face the anesthesiology and neurosurgical teams when working with the pediatric population. To further illustrate pediatric-specific considerations, a case of a 9-year-old boy who underwent a resection of a large left peri-rolandic ependymoma is presented, including his multidisciplinary pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care.

Conclusion: Awake craniotomies can safely be performed in the pediatric population with appropriate patient selection, planning, and a multi-disciplinary approach.