Spatio-temporal variability of mesozooplankton distribution along the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: a regional perspective.

The Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), extending from Cape Spartel in Morocco to Guinea-Bissau, supports high primary and fisheries productivity driven by permanent or seasonal upwelling activity. During the current study, mesozooplankton and hydrographic sampling were conducted across the CCLME in the spring/summer of 2017 and the autumn/winter of 2019. The total mesozooplankton abundance and dry weight were found to be higher in 2017, partly due to the summer reproduction cycle of diplostracans. A prominent latitudinal gradient was observed in both the mesozooplankton standing stock and assemblage structure closely linked to a significant shift in oceanographic regimes at Cape Blanc (21^°N). The area south of Cape Blanc, sampled during the upwelling relaxation in both years, was occupied by warmer South Atlantic Central Waters showing elevated mesozooplankton stock with a tropical assemblage structure. In contrast, cooler and more saline waters north of Cape Blanc, a result of the upwelling regime in that area, explained part of the observed variation in mesozooplankton composition among subregions and sampling periods. Our findings indicate that aside from the upwelling activity, spatiotemporal variation of mesoscale processes and topographical features at a subregional level may also shape mesozooplankton stock and assemblage structure in the CCLME.