本地和非本地家雀的微生物监测与细胞因子反应。

IF 2.8 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0431
Kailey M McCain, Gabby Mansilla, Elizabeth L Sheldon, Cedric Zimmer, Aaron W Schrey, Melissah Rowe, Roi Dor, Kevin D Kohl, Jørgen S Søraker, Henrik Jensen, Kimberley J Mathot, Thinh Vu, Ho Thu Phuong, Blanca Jimeno, Katherine L Buchanan, Massamba Thiam, James Briskie, Lynn B Martin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

引进物种的成功往往依赖于灵活的特征,包括免疫系统特征。虽然理论预测,由于寄生虫压力降低,非本地物种的防御能力较弱,但有效的寄生虫监测仍然至关重要,因为感染风险很少为零,而且在非本地物种中,感染的进化新颖性也有所提高。本研究考察了本地和非本地家雀的寄生虫监测和细胞因子反应之间的关系,假设非本地家雀在保持高病原体监测的同时避免了昂贵的炎症。我们做了这个具体的预测,因为这种模式可以使入侵者以一种与定殖生物的生活史优先权(即快速成熟和高繁殖努力)相称的方式有效地减轻病原体风险。为了验证这一假设,我们测量了TLR-2和TLR-4的表达,病原体监测标志物和细胞因子反应(IL-1β和IL-10的变化),炎症调节因子,模拟细菌感染。在非本地麻雀中,我们发现随着TLR-4表达的增加,IL-1β和IL-10的反应降低,而在本地麻雀中没有观察到这种关系。此外,在所有鸟类中,较高的身体状况预示着更大的IL-1β和IL-10反应。这些发现表明,高TLR-4监测可能减轻非本地麻雀的强烈炎症反应,病理和资源基础成本驱动种群间和种群内的免疫变异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Microbial surveillance versus cytokine responsiveness in native and non-native house sparrows.

The success of introduced species often relies on flexible traits, including immune system traits. While theories predict non-natives will have weak defences due to decreased parasite pressure, effective parasite surveillance remains crucial, as infection risk is rarely zero and the evolutionary novelty of infection is elevated in non-native areas. This study examines the relationship between parasite surveillance and cytokine responsiveness in native and non-native house sparrows, hypothesizing that non-natives maintain high pathogen surveillance while avoiding costly inflammation. We made this specific prediction, as this pattern could enable invaders to effectively mitigate pathogen risk in a manner commensurate with the life-history priorities of a colonizing organism (i.e. rapid maturation and high reproductive effort). To test this hypothesis, we measured TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression, markers of pathogen surveillance and cytokine responses (changes in IL-1β and IL-10), regulators of inflammation, to a simulated bacterial infection. In non-native sparrows, we found that as TLR-4 expression increased, IL-1β and IL-10 responses decreased, a relationship not observed in native sparrows. Additionally, higher body condition predicted larger IL-1β and IL-10 responses in all birds. These findings suggest that high TLR-4 surveillance may mitigate strong inflammatory responses in non-native sparrows, with pathological and resource-based costs driving immune variation among and within populations.

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来源期刊
Biology Letters
Biology Letters 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
3.00%
发文量
164
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: Previously a supplement to Proceedings B, and launched as an independent journal in 2005, Biology Letters is a primarily online, peer-reviewed journal that publishes short, high-quality articles, reviews and opinion pieces from across the biological sciences. The scope of Biology Letters is vast - publishing high-quality research in any area of the biological sciences. However, we have particular strengths in the biology, evolution and ecology of whole organisms. We also publish in other areas of biology, such as molecular ecology and evolution, environmental science, and phylogenetics.
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