ALMA ALMOND和IRAM 30 m EMPIRE巡天在千秒尺度下邻近星系的致密气体缩放关系

IF 5.4 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Lukas Neumann, María J. Jiménez-Donaire, Adam K. Leroy, Frank Bigiel, Antonio Usero, Jiayi Sun, Eva Schinnerer, Miguel Querejeta, Sophia K. Stuber, Ivana Bešlić, Ashley Barnes, Jakob den Brok, Yixian Cao, Cosima Eibensteiner, Hao He, Ralf S. Klessen, Fu-Heng Liang, Daizhong Liu, Hsi-An Pan, Thomas G. Williams
{"title":"ALMA ALMOND和IRAM 30 m EMPIRE巡天在千秒尺度下邻近星系的致密气体缩放关系","authors":"Lukas Neumann, María J. Jiménez-Donaire, Adam K. Leroy, Frank Bigiel, Antonio Usero, Jiayi Sun, Eva Schinnerer, Miguel Querejeta, Sophia K. Stuber, Ivana Bešlić, Ashley Barnes, Jakob den Brok, Yixian Cao, Cosima Eibensteiner, Hao He, Ralf S. Klessen, Fu-Heng Liang, Daizhong Liu, Hsi-An Pan, Thomas G. Williams","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202453208","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1 − 0) emission has been the most accessible dense gas tracer for studying external galaxies. We present new measurements that demonstrate the relationship between dense gas tracers, bulk molecular gas tracers, and star formation in the ALMA ALMOND survey, the largest sample of resolved (1–2 kpc resolution) HCN maps of galaxies in the local Universe (<i>d<i/> < 25 Mpc). We measured HCN/CO, a line ratio sensitive to the physical density distribution, and the star formation rate to HCN ratio (SFR/HCN), a proxy for the dense gas star formation efficiency, as a function of molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical equilibrium pressure across 31 galaxies (a factor of > 3 more compared to the previously largest such study, EMPIRE). HCN/CO increases (slope of ≈0.5 and scatter of ≈0.2 dex) and SFR/HCN decreases (slope of ≈ − 0.6 and scatter of ≈0.4 dex) with increasing molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and pressure. Galaxy centres with high stellar mass surface densities show a factor of a few higher HCN/CO and lower SFR/HCN compared to the disc average, but the two environments follow the same average trend. Our results emphasise that molecular gas properties vary systematically with the galactic environment and demonstrate that the scatter in the Gao–Solomon relation (SFR/HCN) has a physical origin.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"47 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30 m EMPIRE surveys\",\"authors\":\"Lukas Neumann, María J. Jiménez-Donaire, Adam K. Leroy, Frank Bigiel, Antonio Usero, Jiayi Sun, Eva Schinnerer, Miguel Querejeta, Sophia K. Stuber, Ivana Bešlić, Ashley Barnes, Jakob den Brok, Yixian Cao, Cosima Eibensteiner, Hao He, Ralf S. Klessen, Fu-Heng Liang, Daizhong Liu, Hsi-An Pan, Thomas G. Williams\",\"doi\":\"10.1051/0004-6361/202453208\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1 − 0) emission has been the most accessible dense gas tracer for studying external galaxies. We present new measurements that demonstrate the relationship between dense gas tracers, bulk molecular gas tracers, and star formation in the ALMA ALMOND survey, the largest sample of resolved (1–2 kpc resolution) HCN maps of galaxies in the local Universe (<i>d<i/> < 25 Mpc). We measured HCN/CO, a line ratio sensitive to the physical density distribution, and the star formation rate to HCN ratio (SFR/HCN), a proxy for the dense gas star formation efficiency, as a function of molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical equilibrium pressure across 31 galaxies (a factor of > 3 more compared to the previously largest such study, EMPIRE). HCN/CO increases (slope of ≈0.5 and scatter of ≈0.2 dex) and SFR/HCN decreases (slope of ≈ − 0.6 and scatter of ≈0.4 dex) with increasing molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and pressure. Galaxy centres with high stellar mass surface densities show a factor of a few higher HCN/CO and lower SFR/HCN compared to the disc average, but the two environments follow the same average trend. Our results emphasise that molecular gas properties vary systematically with the galactic environment and demonstrate that the scatter in the Gao–Solomon relation (SFR/HCN) has a physical origin.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8571,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Astronomy & Astrophysics\",\"volume\":\"47 15 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Astronomy & Astrophysics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453208\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453208","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

致密的冷气体是恒星形成的关键因素。在过去的二十年里,HCN(1 - 0)发射一直是研究外部星系最容易获得的致密气体示踪剂。我们在 ALMA ALMOND 勘测中展示了新的测量结果,证明了致密气体示踪剂、大分子气体示踪剂和恒星形成之间的关系,ALMA ALMOND 勘测是本宇宙中最大的解析(1-2 kpc 分辨率)HCN 星系图样本(与之前最大的此类研究 EMPIRE 相比,增加了 3 d)。随着分子气体表面密度、恒星质量表面密度和压力的增加,HCN/CO 增加(斜率≈0.5,散度≈0.2dex),SFR/HCN 减少(斜率≈-0.6,散度≈0.4dex)。与圆盘平均值相比,恒星质量表面密度高的星系中心的 HCN/CO 和 SFR/HCN 分别高出几倍,但两种环境的平均趋势相同。我们的研究结果强调了分子气体特性随星系环境的系统变化而变化,并证明了高-所罗门关系(SFR/HCN)中的散射是有物理根源的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30 m EMPIRE surveys
Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1 − 0) emission has been the most accessible dense gas tracer for studying external galaxies. We present new measurements that demonstrate the relationship between dense gas tracers, bulk molecular gas tracers, and star formation in the ALMA ALMOND survey, the largest sample of resolved (1–2 kpc resolution) HCN maps of galaxies in the local Universe (d < 25 Mpc). We measured HCN/CO, a line ratio sensitive to the physical density distribution, and the star formation rate to HCN ratio (SFR/HCN), a proxy for the dense gas star formation efficiency, as a function of molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical equilibrium pressure across 31 galaxies (a factor of > 3 more compared to the previously largest such study, EMPIRE). HCN/CO increases (slope of ≈0.5 and scatter of ≈0.2 dex) and SFR/HCN decreases (slope of ≈ − 0.6 and scatter of ≈0.4 dex) with increasing molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and pressure. Galaxy centres with high stellar mass surface densities show a factor of a few higher HCN/CO and lower SFR/HCN compared to the disc average, but the two environments follow the same average trend. Our results emphasise that molecular gas properties vary systematically with the galactic environment and demonstrate that the scatter in the Gao–Solomon relation (SFR/HCN) has a physical origin.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
27.70%
发文量
2105
审稿时长
1-2 weeks
期刊介绍: Astronomy & Astrophysics is an international Journal that publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics (theoretical, observational, and instrumental) independently of the techniques used to obtain the results.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信