Jennifer E Smith, Joey E Ingbretson, Mackenzie M Miner, Ella C Oestreicher, Mari L Podas, Tia A Ravara, Lupin M L Teles, Jada C Wahl, Lucy M Todd, Sonja Wild
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Vole hunting: novel predatory and carnivorous behavior by California ground squirrels.
Dietary flexibility allows animals to respond adaptively to food pulses in the environment. Here we document the novel emergence of widespread hunting of California voles and carnivorous feeding behavior by California ground squirrels. Over two months in the twelfth year of a long-term study on the squirrel population, we document 74 events of juvenile and adult ground squirrels of both sexes depredating, consuming, and/or competing over vole prey. Our video footage, photographic evidence, and direct observations of marked individual squirrels provide insights into the ecological circumstances favoring behavioral flexibility in foraging associated with a decadal peak in vole abundance. Digital video images related to the article are available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo241126ob01a.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10164-024-00832-6.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Ethology features reviews and original papers relating to all aspects of animal behavior, including traditional ethology. Papers on field, laboratory, or theoretical studies are welcomed. In contrast to many other ethological journals that prefer studies testing explicit hypotheses, the Journal of Ethology is interested both in observational studies and in experimental studies. However, the authors of observational studies are always requested to provide background information about behaviors in their study and an appropriate context to establish the scientific importance of their observation, which in turn produces fascinating hypotheses to explain the behaviors.
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