Developing and evaluating human-centered design solutions for enhancing maternal health service utilization among vulnerable pregnant women in Oromia, Ethiopia: Study protocol for a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Disproportionate uptake of and access to maternal and child health services remain significant challenges across and within countries. Differing geographic, economic, environmental, and social factors contribute to varying degrees of vulnerabilities among individuals, which manifest as disparities in maternal and newborn health outcomes. Designing solutions according to need is vital to improve maternal and child health outcomes. In this paper, we describe our study protocol on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of human-centered design (HCD) solutions to improve maternal health service uptake among vulnerable pregnant women in rural areas of Ethiopia.

Methods: Disproportionate uptake of and access to maternal and child health services remain significant challenges across and within countries. Differing geographic, economic, environmental, and social factors contribute to varying degrees of vulnerabilities among individuals, which manifest as disparities in maternal and newborn health outcomes. Designing solutions according to need is vital to improve maternal and child health outcomes. In this paper, we describe our study protocol on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of human-centered design (HCD) solutions to improve maternal health service uptake among vulnerable pregnant women in rural areas of Ethiopia.

Conclusions and implications: Our sequential approach to evaluating initial solutions, which in turn will inform the enhancement of solutions, will provide practical insights into how solutions are accepted among vulnerable women and how they can be better integrated into women's lives and health systems. This will inform equity-focused practice and policies targeting populations experiencing greater barriers to accessing care and provide insights into system strengthening in rural areas. Our findings will be disseminated to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and its partners to inform large-scale implementation at the national level.