Retinal Displacement Following Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques, Tamponade Agents, and Outcomes.

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a severe condition that may lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) has become a preferred surgical intervention, particularly in complex cases. Objective: Retinal displacement (RD) following PPV for RRD can lead to visual distortions and can negatively impact patient quality of life. This review examines surgical techniques, tamponade choices, and postoperative strategies to mitigate displacement risks and their clinical implications. Methods: A systemic review of studies from 2010 to 2024 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid. The search included terms such as "retinal displacement, "tamponade agents", and postoperative positioning". Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing PPV outcomes, retinal alignment, and visual distortions. Methodological quality was assessed using PRISMA guidelines. Results: Gas tamponades were associated with lower RD rates compared to silicone oil. Intraoperative use of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) improved retinal stability. Postoperative positioning strategies significantly reduced visual distortions. Conclusions: Surgical and postoperative techniques substantially influence RD risk. Advances in imaging and tamponade agents offer promising avenues to improve patient outcomes and minimize RD.