肺结节的诊断与治疗。

Q4 Medicine
V Červeňák, Z Chovanec, A Berková, J Resler, T Hanslík, M Kelblová, K Novosádová, V Weiss, O Bílek, J Vaníček
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:肺癌是世界范围内死亡的主要原因之一,其发病率和死亡率受到人口老龄化和危险因素流行程度变化的显著影响。肺结节通常在影像学检查中偶然发现,这对诊断提出了重大挑战,因为它们可能表明良性和恶性过程。因此,正确诊断和处理这些结节对于优化临床结果至关重要。目的:本文综述了肺结节的诊断和治疗方法,重点介绍了基于结节形态、大小和生长潜力的恶性潜能评估。还讨论了影响决策过程的风险因素,如吸烟、年龄和接触致癌物。此外,还详细讨论了Fleischner学会和英国胸科学会的主要建议。本文分析了现代成像技术的好处,包括人工智能(AI)在肺结节诊断中的应用。人工智能技术,特别是深度学习技术,在检测和评估恶性肿瘤风险方面显示出很高的准确性,它们的使用越来越多地补充了专家的临床判断。最后,文章强调了多学科方法对肺结节诊断和管理的重要性,并提到了在捷克共和国实施旨在早期发现疾病的肺癌筛查试点计划。该规划具有显著降低肺癌死亡率和改善患者预后的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Diagnostic-therapeutic management of pulmonary nodules.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with incidence and mortality significantly affected by population ageing and changes in the prevalence of risk factors. Lung nodules, which are often detected incidentally on imaging studies, pose a significant diagnostic challenge as they may indicate both benign and malignant processes. Correct diagnosis and management of these nodules is therefore essential to optimize clinical outcomes.

Purpose: This article provides a comprehensive review of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pulmonary nodules, focusing on the assessment of malignant potential based on nodule morphology, size and growth potential. Risk factors influencing the decision-making process such as smoking, age and exposure to carcinogens are also discussed. In addition, key recommendations from the Fleischner Society and the British Thoracic Society are discussed in detail. The article analyses the benefits of modern imaging techniques, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of lung nodules. AI technologies, particularly deep learning techniques, have shown high accuracy in detecting and assessing malignancy risk, and their use is increasingly complementary to expert clinical judgement. Finally, the article highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of lung nodules, and also mentions the implementation of a pilot lung cancer screening programme in the Czech Republic aimed at early detection of the disease. This programme has the potential to significantly reduce lung cancer mortality and improve patient prognosis.

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来源期刊
Klinicka Onkologie
Klinicka Onkologie Medicine-Oncology
CiteScore
1.00
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0.00%
发文量
37
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