MicroRNA dynamics, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, and their relationship to breast cancer: prospects for pharmaceuticals and natural product application.

Background: Globally, Breast Cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in women and has a major negative impact on the physical and emotional well-being of its patients as well as one of the most common cancers to be diagnosed. Numerous studies have been published to identify various molecular pathways, including PI3K/AKT/PTEN. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that miRNAs have been found to play a vital role in the growth and carcinogenesis of tumors. Because of their crucial in the development and course of the illness, all other molecular variables, molecular pathways and microRNAs have gained recognition as important therapeutic targets in BC due to growing interest among researchers in utilizing synthetic drugs and natural products to target these signaling pathway with encouraging outcomes in vivo, in vitro and preclinical trials in recent years.

Methods: We searched PUBMED, Science Direct, google scholar, Embase and Scopus for article published from the inception of each database to May 30, 2024.

Results: We discussed PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and microRNA activities with breast cancer cell line. In addition, this review covered a wide range of potential drug and natural products as targeted therapies that are linked to downregulating ER-α expression and activity, inhibiting proliferation, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and sensitizing breast cancer cells. Many studies have been conducted, but as of right now, there are not enough articles to fully explain the treatment and research of breast cancer.

Conclusions: We also need more and more studies on breast cancer from a variety of perspectives. Future scientist will find it easier to consider breast cancer treatment after reading this article presentation. So, the review focuses on our understanding of the roles that microRNA and PI3/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways play in regulating BC. Furthermore, we emphasized the potential therapeutic benefits of newly discovered inhibitors and the use of natural compounds in alone or combinations during preclinical trials.