文化适宜的群体教育对移民2型糖尿病患者初级卫生保健的影响:测试前-测试后设计

IF 2 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Katarina Hjelm, Emina Hadziabdic
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:全球2型糖尿病的发病率正在迅速上升,特别是在发达国家的移民中。移民承受着糖尿病的沉重负担。然而,本研究是唯一一项评估文化上适当的糖尿病干预对这些移民糖尿病知识和健康结果影响的研究,为现有文献增加了一个新的视角。本研究的目的是评估先前开发的、文化上适合的糖尿病教育模式对糖尿病知识、HbA1c和自评健康的影响,该模式基于个人对健康和疾病的信念,以知识为基础,并通过焦点小组讨论进行。方法:观察性研究,采用前测后测设计评价干预措施。它包括结构化访谈和HbA1c测量,在参与小组干预之前、之后和三个月后。这项研究包括来自中东和非洲的22名移民,他们被分为8个焦点小组。小组教育由一个多专业小组进行,由一名糖尿病专科护士领导,在初级卫生保健机构。用于分析数据的描述性和分析性统计。结果:研究结果显示,参与糖尿病教育显著提高了知识水平,导致HbA1c的初步改变和可能的短期改善(干预后立即更好),尽管统计学上不显著,但随着时间的推移,血糖控制和自评健康(SRH)没有变化。结论:研究结果支持知识提高的假设。此外,研究结果显示血糖控制可能发生初步变化,但没有总体效果。研究显示,自我评估(感知)的健康状况没有变化。需要对其他人群进行进一步研究并进行长期随访。这项研究强调了在我们的多元文化社会中,根据文化量身定制糖尿病教育计划的重要性。通过承认个人对健康和疾病的信念,这一教育方案可以大大增加知识,从而有助于改善自我保健,从而促进整体健康。此外,建议将其用于初级卫生保健的日常实践,为卫生保健专业人员提供经过验证的增加知识的策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of culturally-appropriate group education for migrants with type 2 diabetes in primary healthcare: pre-test-post-test design.

Background: The global incidence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly rising, particularly among migrants in developed countries. Migrants bear a significant burden of diabetes. However, this study is the only to evaluate the effects of a culturally appropriate diabetes intervention for these migrants on diabetes knowledge and health outcomes, adding a novel perspective to the existing literature. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on diabetes knowledge, HbA1c, and self-rated health of a previously developed, culturally appropriate diabetes education model, based on individual beliefs about health and illness, underpinned by knowledge, and conducted through focus group discussions.

Methods: Observational study evaluating the intervention using a pre-test-post-test design. It involved structured interviews and HbA1c measurements before, immediately after, and three months post-participation in the group-based intervention. The study included 22 migrants from the Middle East and Africa, divided into eight focus groups. The group education was conducted by a multi-professional team, led by a diabetes specialist nurse, in primary healthcare settings. Descriptive and analytical statistics applied in analysing data.

Results: The findings showed that participation in the diabetes education significantly improved the knowledge levels, led to an initial change and possible short-term improvement in HbA1c (better immediate post-intervention), albeit statistically insignificant, but no change in glycaemic control over time and in self-rated health (SRH).

Conclusions: The findings supported the hypothesis of improved knowledge. Moreover, the findings showed a possible initial change in glycaemic control, but no overall effect. The study showed no change in self-rated (perceived) health. Further studies involving other populations and long-term follow-ups are needed. This study highlights the importance of culturally tailored diabetes educational programmes in our multicultural society. By recognising individual beliefs about health and illness, this education programme can significantly increase knowledge and thereby contribute to improved self-care and thus, overall health. Furthermore, it is recommended for daily practice in primary healthcare, supporting healthcare professionals with a proven strategy to increase knowledge.

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