Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Tensor Holographic Metasurface Antenna for IOV Sensing and Communications

This article proposes a dual-band dual-circularly polarized multibeam tensor holographic metasurface antenna (THMSA) designed for Internet of Vehicles (IOV) sensing and communication applications. It comprises two distinct HMSAs and a monopole antenna. The two HMSAs are arranged in a back-to-back configuration, each featuring independent beam-steering capabilities. Each HMSA is generated through holographic interference between the desired circularly polarized (CP) beam and a reference wave. To reduce the antenna profile, a metal sleeve encases the monopole antenna, which serves as a surface wave launcher to generate the omnidirectional reference wave on the two HMSAs. This design enables the simultaneous generation of dual-CP beams across two frequency bands simultaneously. More importantly, the CP beams operate without interfering with each other. To verify the concept of the design, the proposed THMSA is fabricated and measured. This demonstrates its capability to generate LHCP and RHCP beams in different directions at 3.9 and 4.5 GHz. The impedance bandwidth (| $S_{11}| \lt - 10\ \mathrm {dB}$ ) spans from 3.62 to 5.5 GHz and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths are from 3.87 to 4.15 GHz and 4.38 to 4.58 GHz, respectively. The proposed THMSA is highly suitable for vehicle-based 5G, vehicle-to-base station, and vehicle-to-satellite communications.