{"title":"聚苯乙烯纳米塑料对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌和HFF-2正常成纤维细胞的毒性作用：活力、细胞死亡、细胞周期和抗氧化酶活性","authors":"Hanie Sadeghinia, Parichehr Hanachi, Reihaneh Ramezani, Samaneh karbalaei","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Environmental nanoplastics pose a potential health risk due to human exposure, necessitating studies on their cellular effects. This study aims to assess the toxic and antibacterial properties of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH<sub>2</sub>) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HFF-2 fibroblast cells, while also evaluating their oxidative stress responses. Additionally, the study explores the anti-tumor effects and apoptosis induction by PS-NH<sub>2</sub>. The primary objectives were to determine the cytotoxicity, antibacterial efficacy, and oxidative stress response of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations and sizes. The study also aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and GPx).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nanoplastic properties were characterized using FTIR, FESEM, and zeta potential analysis. Antibacterial effects were assessed using the agar dilution method, while the MTT assay determined cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx) were also evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>FTIR analysis confirmed the amino-functionalization of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> with a wide peak at 3386 cm-1, and zeta potential indicated a neutral charge. PS-NH<sub>2</sub> showed no antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> or <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at sizes of 90, 200, and 300 nm. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability for both cell lines. SOD and GPx activity decreased significantly with increasing PS-NH<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Both cell lines underwent apoptosis, with cell accumulation in the G1 and sub-G1 phases, indicating apoptotic cell death.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PS-NH<sub>2</sub> exhibits dose- and size-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Smaller particle sizes and higher concentrations of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> enhance oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HFF-2 normal fibroblast cells: viability, cell death, cell cycle and antioxidant enzyme activity\",\"authors\":\"Hanie Sadeghinia, Parichehr Hanachi, Reihaneh Ramezani, Samaneh karbalaei\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Environmental nanoplastics pose a potential health risk due to human exposure, necessitating studies on their cellular effects. This study aims to assess the toxic and antibacterial properties of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH<sub>2</sub>) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HFF-2 fibroblast cells, while also evaluating their oxidative stress responses. Additionally, the study explores the anti-tumor effects and apoptosis induction by PS-NH<sub>2</sub>. The primary objectives were to determine the cytotoxicity, antibacterial efficacy, and oxidative stress response of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations and sizes. The study also aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and GPx).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nanoplastic properties were characterized using FTIR, FESEM, and zeta potential analysis. Antibacterial effects were assessed using the agar dilution method, while the MTT assay determined cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx) were also evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>FTIR analysis confirmed the amino-functionalization of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> with a wide peak at 3386 cm-1, and zeta potential indicated a neutral charge. PS-NH<sub>2</sub> showed no antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> or <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at sizes of 90, 200, and 300 nm. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability for both cell lines. SOD and GPx activity decreased significantly with increasing PS-NH<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Both cell lines underwent apoptosis, with cell accumulation in the G1 and sub-G1 phases, indicating apoptotic cell death.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PS-NH<sub>2</sub> exhibits dose- and size-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Smaller particle sizes and higher concentrations of PS-NH<sub>2</sub> enhance oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":546,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Sciences Europe\",\"volume\":\"37 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Sciences Europe\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Sciences Europe","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-024-01026-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HFF-2 normal fibroblast cells: viability, cell death, cell cycle and antioxidant enzyme activity
Background
Environmental nanoplastics pose a potential health risk due to human exposure, necessitating studies on their cellular effects. This study aims to assess the toxic and antibacterial properties of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HFF-2 fibroblast cells, while also evaluating their oxidative stress responses. Additionally, the study explores the anti-tumor effects and apoptosis induction by PS-NH2. The primary objectives were to determine the cytotoxicity, antibacterial efficacy, and oxidative stress response of PS-NH2 at different concentrations and sizes. The study also aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and GPx).
Methods
Nanoplastic properties were characterized using FTIR, FESEM, and zeta potential analysis. Antibacterial effects were assessed using the agar dilution method, while the MTT assay determined cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx) were also evaluated.
Results
FTIR analysis confirmed the amino-functionalization of PS-NH2 with a wide peak at 3386 cm-1, and zeta potential indicated a neutral charge. PS-NH2 showed no antibacterial activity against E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus at sizes of 90, 200, and 300 nm. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability for both cell lines. SOD and GPx activity decreased significantly with increasing PS-NH2 concentrations. Both cell lines underwent apoptosis, with cell accumulation in the G1 and sub-G1 phases, indicating apoptotic cell death.
Conclusions
PS-NH2 exhibits dose- and size-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells. Smaller particle sizes and higher concentrations of PS-NH2 enhance oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
期刊介绍：
ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation.
ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation.
ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation.
Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues.
Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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