Yifan Du, Poyi Hu, Xiangchao Ding, Dashuai Wang, Jingjing Luo, Sheng Le, Lingyun Ren, Manhua Chen, Ping Ye, Jiahong Xia
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We ensured the unbiased nature of our assessment by conducting morphological evaluations with two independent observers in a blinded manner. We identified elevated expression of ATF3 in both human sporadic AAD tissues and mouse AAD models. VSMC-specific ATF3 conditional knockout (Atf3 cKO) mice showed notable enlargement, dissection and rupture in both thoracic and abdominal aortic regions after exposure to Ang II. Interestingly, older Atf3 cKO mice exhibited spontaneous aortic dissections and senescence of the aortic wall. Mechanistically, ATF3 deficiency led to the degradation of P21 through ubiquitination. Impaired DNA repair in VSMCs resulted in micronuclei formation in the cytoplasm, activating the cyclicGMP-AMP synthase- stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway and inducing VSMC phenotypic switching and apoptosis. Finally, both pharmacological complementation of P21 function and knockdown of STING expression alleviated ATF3 deficiency-induced AAD.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Our study indicates that ATF3 is essential for genomic DNA stability in VSMCs through the P21–cGAS–STING pathway, suggesting that enhancing ATF3 expression in VSMCs could help prevent sporadic AAD.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Key points</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>\n <p>ATF3 deficiency led to degradation of P21 through ubiquitination, which abolished the G1 phase arrest.</p>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <p>VSMCs had no time window to repair the damaged DNA, leading to generation of micronuclei in cytoplasm.</p>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <p>Cytoplasmic micronuclei facilitating the activation of cGAS–STING pathway, thus inducing the phenotypic switch and apoptosis of VSMCs</p>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10189,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680558/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Deficiency of ATF3 facilitates both angiotensin II-induced and spontaneously formed aortic aneurysm and dissection development by activating cGAS–STING pathway\",\"authors\":\"Yifan Du, Poyi Hu, Xiangchao Ding, Dashuai Wang, Jingjing Luo, Sheng Le, Lingyun Ren, Manhua Chen, Ping Ye, Jiahong Xia\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ctm2.70147\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) is a critical condition characterised by the progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. 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Interestingly, older Atf3 cKO mice exhibited spontaneous aortic dissections and senescence of the aortic wall. Mechanistically, ATF3 deficiency led to the degradation of P21 through ubiquitination. Impaired DNA repair in VSMCs resulted in micronuclei formation in the cytoplasm, activating the cyclicGMP-AMP synthase- stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway and inducing VSMC phenotypic switching and apoptosis. 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Deficiency of ATF3 facilitates both angiotensin II-induced and spontaneously formed aortic aneurysm and dissection development by activating cGAS–STING pathway
Background
Sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) is a critical condition characterised by the progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic switch and loss of VSMCs in AAD are not fully understood.
Methods and results
In this study, we employed a discovery-driven, unbiased approach. This approach encourages us to explore the unknown functions of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) rather than merely confirming existing hypotheses, while no assumptions were made about ATF3 prior to the experiments. We ensured the unbiased nature of our assessment by conducting morphological evaluations with two independent observers in a blinded manner. We identified elevated expression of ATF3 in both human sporadic AAD tissues and mouse AAD models. VSMC-specific ATF3 conditional knockout (Atf3 cKO) mice showed notable enlargement, dissection and rupture in both thoracic and abdominal aortic regions after exposure to Ang II. Interestingly, older Atf3 cKO mice exhibited spontaneous aortic dissections and senescence of the aortic wall. Mechanistically, ATF3 deficiency led to the degradation of P21 through ubiquitination. Impaired DNA repair in VSMCs resulted in micronuclei formation in the cytoplasm, activating the cyclicGMP-AMP synthase- stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway and inducing VSMC phenotypic switching and apoptosis. Finally, both pharmacological complementation of P21 function and knockdown of STING expression alleviated ATF3 deficiency-induced AAD.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that ATF3 is essential for genomic DNA stability in VSMCs through the P21–cGAS–STING pathway, suggesting that enhancing ATF3 expression in VSMCs could help prevent sporadic AAD.
Key points
ATF3 deficiency led to degradation of P21 through ubiquitination, which abolished the G1 phase arrest.
VSMCs had no time window to repair the damaged DNA, leading to generation of micronuclei in cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic micronuclei facilitating the activation of cGAS–STING pathway, thus inducing the phenotypic switch and apoptosis of VSMCs
期刊介绍:
Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to accelerating the translation of preclinical research into clinical applications and fostering communication between basic and clinical scientists. It highlights the clinical potential and application of various fields including biotechnologies, biomaterials, bioengineering, biomarkers, molecular medicine, omics science, bioinformatics, immunology, molecular imaging, drug discovery, regulation, and health policy. With a focus on the bench-to-bedside approach, CTM prioritizes studies and clinical observations that generate hypotheses relevant to patients and diseases, guiding investigations in cellular and molecular medicine. The journal encourages submissions from clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals.