Analysing the relevance of TGF-β and its regulators in cervical cancer to identify therapeutic and diagnostic markers

The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is dual, such that, it inhibits tumor development in initial stage and promotes metastasis in later stage. The present study is aimed to analyse the relevance of different types of TGF-β and their receptors on the overall survival (OS) and TGF-β driven gene expression in individuals with cervical cancer (CC) using ONCODB and GEPIA databases. The in-silico gene expression analysis showed, TGF-β1 and TGFβR2 are upregulated in cells infected with human papilloma virus (HPV)16, whereas, TGF-β2, TGFβR1 and TGFβR3 expression were downregulated. In HPV 18 infected cells, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGFβR1 were downregulated, meanwhile, TGF-β3, TGFβR2 and TGFβR3 were upregulated. OS analysis of CC patients with different TGF-β expression revealed that, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and TGFβR2 were associated with reduced survival rate. Further, we identified four microRNAs (miRNAs) (hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-101-3p and hsa-miR-130a-3p) interacted favorably with TGF-β in HPV 16 and 18 positive samples using MIENTURNET. This present review further emphasizes that, targeting TGF-β could be a novel and futuristic approach for CC management and therapeutics.