Advancing vaccine research in Africa: A comprehensive analysis of vaccine clinical trials landscape.

This study presents an in-depth analysis of vaccine clinical trials in Africa, emphasising the significance of local investments to address the continent's healthcare requirements. The research scrutinises vaccine trials across various African nations, focusing on trial distribution, phases, funding sources, recruitment sites, recruitment statuses, and age group participation. The findings suggest substantial trial activity in countries like Kenya, Ghana, and Gambia, whereas nations like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tunisia exhibit minimal representation. Notably, COVID-19, HIV, and Yellow Fever vaccines prominently feature in the trials, with Phase 3 trials being the most prevalent. The presence of "Not Applicable" trials indicates adopting adaptive trial designs. Analysis of funding patterns reveals substantial international and local support, reflecting an escalating commitment to vaccine research in Africa. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding disparities in trial distribution and age group participation, underscoring the necessity for robust regulatory frameworks and augmented local R&D capacity. Addressing these disparities can enhance the efficacy of vaccine research and elevate health outcomes across the African continent.