Treatment adherence and effectiveness in patients treated with carfilzomib-based therapy combinations for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in Germany: interim results from the non-interventional CARO study.

Therapy adherence can significantly influence the outcome of cancer patients. The prospective, non-interventional CARO study (NCT02970747) investigated adherence, effectiveness, and safety of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the German real-world setting. In total, 359 patients were included at 69 sites. Data on carfilzomib combination regimens were evaluated for three treatment cohorts: carfilzomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd), with dexamethasone only (Kd) or with daratumumab and dexamethasone (KdD). Encouragingly, patients maintained levels of treatment adherence ≥95% to carfilzomib across cohorts. The effectiveness outcomes of CARO were in line with previous data. Median PFS (95% CI) was 17.5 months (14.5, 24.7 [KRd]), 13.4 months (7.0, 18.1 [Kd]), and 15.6 months (9.9, NA [KdD]), respectively. Median OS was 38.9 months (31.5, 53.9 [KRd]), 24.2 months (17.3, 36.8 [Kd]), and not reached (KdD). Overall, the CARO study impressively demonstrates efficacy and safety of KRd, Kd, and KdD regimen in real-world.