Multi-Timescale Modeling Framework of Hybrid Power Plants Providing Secondary Frequency Regulation

Hybrid power plants (HPPs) present a promising solution to address the significant challenges posed by the rapid integration of variable renewable energy sources (VREs) into power systems, particularly in maintaining power balance and frequency stability. Therefore, there is a pressing need for system operators and HPP owners to effectively manage both the energy and regulation services of HPPs within the current system operational framework. Existing studies on HPP modeling often separate dynamic control from steady-state scheduling and lack coordinated integration of self-scheduling of HPPs with the system-level scheduling, leading to over/under estimation of the flexibility of HPPs. To address this challenge, this paper presents a generic modeling framework for HPPs that integrates steady-state optimization with dynamic control across multiple timescales, enabling seamless HPP participation in day-ahead and real-time markets and real-time control. Additionally, the framework facilitates comprehensive economic and frequency performance evaluations. Case studies on a modified IEEE 39-bus system demonstrate the framework’s ability to ensure frequency performance with flexible HPP operation modes, align BESS state-of-charge (SOC) with dispatch targets, and optimize reliability and economic outcomes under various scenarios.