性和性别对风险和保护因素、大脑和行为之间关联的影响。

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Katharina Brosch, Elvisha Dhamala
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引用次数: 0

摘要

精神疾病的风险和保护因素与大脑结构和功能的不同变化有关。此外,这些因素的发生率因性别和性取向而异,但性和性别在这方面的独特和共同影响尚未被广泛描述。这表明,风险和保护因素可能会映射到大脑,并对不同性别的个体产生独特的影响。在此,我们回顾了特定的风险因素(童年虐待、COVID-19 大流行病、种族主义经历)和保护因素(社会支持和心理复原力)是如何对不同性别的大脑产生独特影响的。我们还讨论了性和性别在风险因素的复合效应中的作用,以及在风险因素和保护因素的相互依存影响中的作用。因此,我们呼吁研究人员在研究精神疾病的风险因素和保护因素时考虑性别因素,并就如何在未来的研究中考虑性别因素提出了具体建议。在研究中将保护性因素与风险因素一并考虑,并承认性和性别差异,这将使我们能够建立与性和性别相关的大脑行为关系。这将为制定有针对性的精神疾病预防和干预策略提供依据,而这正是我们一直所缺乏的。为了在心理健康方面实现性别平等,承认和研究潜在的差异将使我们更好地了解男性和女性、男性和女性,以及使他们更容易或更有能力应对精神病理学的因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influences of sex and gender on the associations between risk and protective factors, brain, and behavior.

Risk and protective factors for psychiatric illnesses are linked to distinct structural and functional changes in the brain. Further, the prevalence of these factors varies across sexes and genders, yet the distinct and joint effects of sex and gender in this context have not been extensively characterized. This suggests that risk and protective factors may map onto the brain and uniquely influence individuals across sexes and genders. Here, we review how specific risk (childhood maltreatment, the COVID-19 pandemic, experiences of racism), and protective factors (social support and psychological resilience) distinctly influence the brain across sexes and genders. We also discuss the role of sex and gender in the compounding effects of risk factors and in the interdependent influences of risk and protective factors. As such, we call on researchers to consider sex and gender when researching risk and protective factors for psychiatric illnesses, and we provide concrete recommendations on how to account for them in future research. Considering protective factors alongside risk factors in research and acknowledging sex and gender differences will enable us to establish sex- and gender-specific brain-behavior relationships. This will subsequently inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for psychiatric illnesses, which have been lacking. To achieve sex and gender equality in mental health, acknowledging and researching potential differences will lead to a better understanding of men and women, males and females, and the factors that make them more vulnerable or resilient to psychopathology.

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来源期刊
Biology of Sex Differences
Biology of Sex Differences ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-GENETICS & HEREDITY
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.30%
发文量
69
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology of Sex Differences is a unique scientific journal focusing on sex differences in physiology, behavior, and disease from molecular to phenotypic levels, incorporating both basic and clinical research. The journal aims to enhance understanding of basic principles and facilitate the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools specific to sex differences. As an open-access journal, it is the official publication of the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and co-published by the Society for Women's Health Research. Topical areas include, but are not limited to sex differences in: genomics; the microbiome; epigenetics; molecular and cell biology; tissue biology; physiology; interaction of tissue systems, in any system including adipose, behavioral, cardiovascular, immune, muscular, neural, renal, and skeletal; clinical studies bearing on sex differences in disease or response to therapy.
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