肠道微生物群的形成始于出生,需要培育。

Q1 Medicine
Jens Walter
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类与肠道中复杂的微生物群落保持着共生关系,这对宿主的健康和发育至关重要。鉴于其重要性,宿主必须可靠地获得肠道微生物群的关键成员,并在宿主发育的重要窗口期组建有益的群落。过去 20 年的流行病学研究令人信服地表明,破坏生命早期微生物群组合的临床和营养因素使人类容易感染和患上慢性非传染性疾病。这些联系强调了从机理层面了解宿主-微生物组组装、对宿主-微生物串扰最重要的时间窗口以及形成和破坏共生互动的临床和生活方式因素的重要性,从而制定预防非传染性疾病的治疗和营养策略。在这篇文章中,我将从进化和生态学的角度阐述人类何时以及如何获得肠道微生物组、形成组装过程的因素以及如何破坏这一过程。我将讨论微生物组组装和微生物组对免疫系统发育影响的最重要时间窗口。最后,我将讨论进化和生态学原理如何为支持和恢复生命早期肠道微生物组的策略提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gut Microbiota Assembly Begins at Birth and Needs to Be Nurtured.

Humans maintain symbiotic relationships with complex microbial communities in their intestinal tracts that are paramount to their host's health and development. Given their importance, it is essential for the host to reliably acquire key members of the gut microbiota and assemble communities that provide benefits during important windows of host development. Epidemiological studies over the last 2 decades have convincingly shown that clinical and nutritional factors that disrupt early-life microbiome assembly predispose humans to infections and chronic noncommunicable diseases. These connections emphasize the importance of understanding host-microbiome assembly on a mechanistic level, the time windows that are most important for host-microbe crosstalk, and the clinical and lifestyle factors that shape and disrupt symbiotic interactions to develop therapeutic and nutritional strategies to prevent noncommunicable diseases. In this article, I will provide an evolutionary and ecological perspective on when and how humans acquire their gut microbiome, the factors that shape the assembly process, and how the process can be disrupted. I will discuss the most important time windows for both microbiome assembly and the microbiome's impact on development of the immune system. Finally, I will discuss how evolutionary and ecological principles inform strategies to support and restore the gut microbiome early in life.

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来源期刊
Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series
Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
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