Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Exercise to Improve Mobility, Stability, and Tremor Management in 25 Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Background/objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, balance impairments, and mobility limitations. Innovative approaches like combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with exercise show promise in addressing these symptoms. This study investigates the effects of exercise combined with tDCS on mobility and tremor management in PD patients.

Methods: Twenty-five individuals aged 60-75 (66.6 ± 7.33), diagnosed with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-3), were assigned to three groups in a randomized controlled design: exercise with active tDCS (n = 8), exercise with sham tDCS (n = 8), and a control group (n = 9). Dual-task training sessions focusing on walking speed, balance, and force control were conducted over ten sessions.

Results: No significant differences were detected across the groups for grip strength or force control measures (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group: the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test showed a significant reduction in time (mean difference = 2.498 s, p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.331); anterior-posterior displacement significantly increased (mean difference = 21.375 mm, p = 0.0269, ηp² = 0.303); and force-tremor decoupling improved, with coherence in the 1-4 Hz band significantly decreasing (p = 0.0067). Finally, changes in TUG from post- to pre-treatment values were significantly positively correlated with the changes in coherence (R = 0.468, p = 0.018).

Conclusions: Combining tDCS with exercise enhances mobility and tremor management in PD patients. These findings support the potential for such interventions to improve functional outcomes and quality of life for individuals with PD.