A novel proactive frequency control based on 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI for a high order power system with communication delays and uncertainties

The stability of the electric power systems (EPS) is essential for the continuous flow of electricity in an extensive distributed area network (EDAN). Mitigating frequency fluctuations is one of the chief challenges in complex power system networks (PSN). The nonlinear dynamics of the electric power systems and the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) will impose additional challenges on the EDAN by deteriorating the system frequency. To affirm better stability of the EPS under several contingencies of load perturbation, communication time delay (CTD), system parameters uncertainties, high renewable penetration, and faults between areas. A proactive frequency control (PFC) is formulated with the ability to counter these challenges by introducing novel 4-degrees of freedom (4-DOF) based hybrid tilt model predictive control (TMPC), and 1+ proportional integral-fractional order proportional integral (1+PI-FOPI) controller is deployed by taking into account frequency deviation, area control error (ACE), power tie and power grid. Utilizes an outer loop to minimize errors and a quicker inner loop to counter act the impacts of disturbances. The 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI is optimized by tunicate searching algorithm (TSA) for high order interconnected power system (HOIPS). The proposed controller shows efficient resilience in reducing frequency fluctuations by depicting a frequency regulation in 1.772 sec, 1.598 sec, 1.950 sec and 2.665 sec for area-1, area-2, area-3 and area-4 respectively.