The photosynthetic traits of dominant species drive the multifunctionality of Liaodong oak (Quercus wutaishanica) communities in northern China

Ecosystem multifunctionality means that the ecosystem has the ability to provide multiple functions simultaneously. The study of the ecosystem multifunctionality provides an important basis for the understanding of the ecosystem function and management. Despite the plant community restoration is an important driver of changes in biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, we still little know about the scaling effects the relationship between different dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. In this study, we investigated the relative contributions of different dimensions of plant diversity (e.g., species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity) changes in ecosystem multifunctionality under different restoration stages (10, 30 and 40 years) in a human-damaged Liaodong oak (Quercus wutaishanica) plant communities in northern China. The results found that (1) ecosystem multifunctionality index was significantly higher in the middle (30 years) and late (40 years) stages of restoration than the early stage (10 years) of restoration. (2) Species richness and phylogenetic diversity were significantly higher in the early stage (10 years) of restoration than in the middle (30 years) and late (40 years) stages of restoration, however, functional dispersion was significantly higher in the later stages (40 years) of restoration than in the early (10 years) and middle stages (30 years) of restoration. (3) Ecosystem multifunctionality is primarily driven by photosynthetic traits of dominant species. The results of this study deepen the under-standing of the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in the forests of northern China by considering natural restoration after destruction, and contribute to the conservation of plant diversity and maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality.