计算密集使用城市有机废物对挪威城郊农业区土壤中潜在有毒元素浓度的影响

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Anne-Kristin Løes, Sebastian Eiter, Tatiana Rittl
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景回收城市地区废弃物中的养分和有机物可弥补养分缺口并改善土壤质量,但其潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的浓度通常高于矿物肥料。如果大量施用这些材料,多快会超过土壤质量限值?为了粗略回答这个问题,我们使用了奥斯陆和卑尔根(挪威)附近 10 个案例农场的土壤数据,以估算当每年生产的理论胡萝卜作物对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的需求量由堆肥或从源头分离的厨余垃圾中提取的沼渣或堆肥后的园林垃圾(与通常在城市周边地区饲养的马和家禽的粪便相比)来满足时,PTE 浓度的增加情况。结果在采用密集施肥的情况下,挪威土壤中 PTEs 的质量限值在 20-85 年内达到,有机质含量较高的土壤达到限值的速度更快,因为按重量设定的法规限值会对容重较低的土壤产生影响。首先达到限值的是铜和锌,它们都是农作物必需的微量营养元素。城市垃圾肥料中的宏量营养元素浓度并不均衡。在城市周边的蔬菜种植中,大量施用堆肥并不罕见,但需要更均衡的施肥。结论挪威对有机土壤改良剂和农用土壤中的 PTEs 规定比欧盟更为严格,不支持从城市垃圾中回收有机物质和养分。许多只能在挪威农业土壤中限量施用的物质,在欧盟可以根据作物需求施用。大量使用城市垃圾肥料的种植者应定期监测土壤,包括进行 PTE 分析。应在固定采样点进行土壤采样,以揭示浓度随时间的变化。挪威当局应考虑修订有机肥料法规,以支持有价值有机材料的回收利用。需要更多有关农业土壤和有机肥料材料中 PTE 浓度的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Calculating the effect of intensive use of urban organic waste on soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements in a peri-urban agriculture context in Norway

Background

Recycling nutrients and organic matter available as waste in urban areas may close nutrient gaps and improve soil quality, but the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are commonly higher than in mineral fertilisers. How quickly may the limits for soil quality be exceeded, and for which elements, if such materials are applied intensively? For a rough answer to this question, we used soil data from ten case farms near Oslo and Bergen (Norway) to estimate how PTE concentrations increased when the demand for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a theoretical carrot crop produced every year was covered by compost or digestate from source-separated food waste, or composted garden waste, compared with manure from horses and poultry which are often kept in peri-urban areas.

Results

With the intensive fertilisation assumed here, the Norwegian soil quality limits for PTEs were reached within 20–85 years, and faster for soil with more organic matter since regulatory limits set by weight discriminate soils with low bulk density. The limits were reached first for Cu and Zn, which are both essential micronutrients for crop plants. The concentrations of macronutrients in the urban waste-based fertilisers were not well balanced. Rates covering the K demand would lead to high surpluses of P and N. In peri-urban vegetable growing, high applications of compost are not unusual, but more balanced fertilisation is required.

Conclusions

The Norwegian regulations for PTEs in organic soil amendments and agricultural soil are stricter than in the EU, and do not support recycling of organic matter and nutrients from urban waste. Many materials which can only be applied with restricted amounts to Norwegian agricultural soil, may be applied according to crop demand in the EU. Growers utilising urban waste-based fertilisers intensively should monitor the soil regularly, including PTE analyses. Soil sampling should occur on fixed sampling points to reveal changes in concentrations over time. Norwegian authorities should consider a revision of the organic fertiliser regulation to support recycling of valuable organic materials. There is a need for more data on the PTE concentrations in agricultural soil and organic fertiliser materials.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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