Steven T Bird, Kate Gelperin, Elizabeth R Smith, Tae Hyun Jung, Hai Lyu, Aliza Thompson, Olivia Easley, Kushal B Naik, Yueqin Zhao, Rekha Kambhampati, Michael Wernecke, Ali Niak, Marina Zemskova, Yoganand Chillarige, Jeffrey A Kelman, David J Graham
{"title":"地诺单抗对慢性肾脏病各期急诊治疗低钙血症风险的影响：目标试验模拟。","authors":"Steven T Bird, Kate Gelperin, Elizabeth R Smith, Tae Hyun Jung, Hai Lyu, Aliza Thompson, Olivia Easley, Kushal B Naik, Yueqin Zhao, Rekha Kambhampati, Michael Wernecke, Ali Niak, Marina Zemskova, Yoganand Chillarige, Jeffrey A Kelman, David J Graham","doi":"10.7326/M24-0013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of data on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab by stage of CKD and presence of CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Target trial emulation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Medicare fee-for-service data with prescription drug coverage, 2012 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Female patients aged 65 years or older initiating denosumab, oral bisphosphonates, or intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates for osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Hospital and emergency department admissions (that is, emergent care) for hypocalcemia were assessed in the first 12 treatment weeks. Inverse probability of treatment weighted cumulative incidence and weighted risk differences (RDs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 361 453 patients treated with denosumab, 829 044 treated with oral bisphosphonates, and 160 413 treated with IV bisphosphonates were identified. Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab versus oral bisphosphonates increased with worsening CKD stage (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with greatest risk among dialysis-dependent (DD) patients (3.01% vs. 0.00%; RD, 3.01% [95% CI, 2.27% to 3.77%]) and non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 (0.57% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.54% [CI, 0.41% to 0.68%]). Among patients with stages 4 and 5 CKD (NDD + DD), denosumab had a greater risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia versus oral bisphosphonates in those with CKD-MBD (1.53% vs. 0.02%; RD, 1.51% [CI, 1.21% to 1.78%]) than in those without CKD-MBD (0.22% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.19% [CI, 0.08% to 0.31%]). Denosumab also showed increased risk compared with IV bisphosphonates.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Generalizability to men and non-Medicare populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab increased with worsening CKD stage and was highest in DD patients and those with CKD-MBD.</p><p><strong>Primary funding source: </strong>U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7932,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Effect of Denosumab on Risk for Emergently Treated Hypocalcemia by Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease : A Target Trial Emulation.\",\"authors\":\"Steven T Bird, Kate Gelperin, Elizabeth R Smith, Tae Hyun Jung, Hai Lyu, Aliza Thompson, Olivia Easley, Kushal B Naik, Yueqin Zhao, Rekha Kambhampati, Michael Wernecke, Ali Niak, Marina Zemskova, Yoganand Chillarige, Jeffrey A Kelman, David J Graham\",\"doi\":\"10.7326/M24-0013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of data on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab by stage of CKD and presence of CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Target trial emulation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Medicare fee-for-service data with prescription drug coverage, 2012 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Female patients aged 65 years or older initiating denosumab, oral bisphosphonates, or intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates for osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Hospital and emergency department admissions (that is, emergent care) for hypocalcemia were assessed in the first 12 treatment weeks. Inverse probability of treatment weighted cumulative incidence and weighted risk differences (RDs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 361 453 patients treated with denosumab, 829 044 treated with oral bisphosphonates, and 160 413 treated with IV bisphosphonates were identified. Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab versus oral bisphosphonates increased with worsening CKD stage (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with greatest risk among dialysis-dependent (DD) patients (3.01% vs. 0.00%; RD, 3.01% [95% CI, 2.27% to 3.77%]) and non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 (0.57% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.54% [CI, 0.41% to 0.68%]). Among patients with stages 4 and 5 CKD (NDD + DD), denosumab had a greater risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia versus oral bisphosphonates in those with CKD-MBD (1.53% vs. 0.02%; RD, 1.51% [CI, 1.21% to 1.78%]) than in those without CKD-MBD (0.22% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.19% [CI, 0.08% to 0.31%]). Denosumab also showed increased risk compared with IV bisphosphonates.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Generalizability to men and non-Medicare populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab increased with worsening CKD stage and was highest in DD patients and those with CKD-MBD.</p><p><strong>Primary funding source: </strong>U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7932,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Internal Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":19.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Internal Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.7326/M24-0013\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Internal Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7326/M24-0013","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Effect of Denosumab on Risk for Emergently Treated Hypocalcemia by Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease : A Target Trial Emulation.
Background: There is a paucity of data on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Objective: To assess the risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab by stage of CKD and presence of CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).
Design: Target trial emulation.
Setting: Medicare fee-for-service data with prescription drug coverage, 2012 to 2020.
Participants: Female patients aged 65 years or older initiating denosumab, oral bisphosphonates, or intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates for osteoporosis.
Measurements: Hospital and emergency department admissions (that is, emergent care) for hypocalcemia were assessed in the first 12 treatment weeks. Inverse probability of treatment weighted cumulative incidence and weighted risk differences (RDs) were calculated.
Results: A total of 361 453 patients treated with denosumab, 829 044 treated with oral bisphosphonates, and 160 413 treated with IV bisphosphonates were identified. Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab versus oral bisphosphonates increased with worsening CKD stage (P < 0.001), with greatest risk among dialysis-dependent (DD) patients (3.01% vs. 0.00%; RD, 3.01% [95% CI, 2.27% to 3.77%]) and non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 (0.57% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.54% [CI, 0.41% to 0.68%]). Among patients with stages 4 and 5 CKD (NDD + DD), denosumab had a greater risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia versus oral bisphosphonates in those with CKD-MBD (1.53% vs. 0.02%; RD, 1.51% [CI, 1.21% to 1.78%]) than in those without CKD-MBD (0.22% vs. 0.03%; RD, 0.19% [CI, 0.08% to 0.31%]). Denosumab also showed increased risk compared with IV bisphosphonates.
Limitation: Generalizability to men and non-Medicare populations.
Conclusion: Risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab increased with worsening CKD stage and was highest in DD patients and those with CKD-MBD.
Primary funding source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
期刊介绍：
Established in 1927 by the American College of Physicians (ACP), Annals of Internal Medicine is the premier internal medicine journal. Annals of Internal Medicine’s mission is to promote excellence in medicine, enable physicians and other health care professionals to be well informed members of the medical community and society, advance standards in the conduct and reporting of medical research, and contribute to improving the health of people worldwide. To achieve this mission, the journal publishes a wide variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentary relevant to clinical practice, health care delivery, public health, health care policy, medical education, ethics, and research methodology. In addition, the journal publishes personal narratives that convey the feeling and the art of medicine.
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