{"title":"裸子植物中的木质素生物合成途径抑制因子:与被子植物相比,抑制因子的结构域有所不同。","authors":"Sonali Sachin Ranade, María Rosario García-Gil","doi":"10.48130/forres-0024-0029","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer present in the cell walls of specialized plant cell types in vascular plants that provides structural support and plays a major role in plant protection. The lignin biosynthesis pathway is regulated by transcription factors from the MYB (myeloblastosis) family. While several MYB members positively regulate lignin synthesis, only a few negatively regulate lignin synthesis. These lignin suppressors are well characterized in model plant species; however, their role has not been fully explored in gymnosperms. Lignin forms one of the major hurdles for the forest-based industry e.g. paper, pulp, and biofuel production. Therefore, the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of lignin synthesis are valuable, especially in conifers that form the major source of softwood for timber and paper production. In this review, the potential and differential domains present in the MYB suppressors in gymnosperms are discussed, along with their phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that the N-terminal regions of the MYB suppressor members were found to be conserved among the gymnosperms and angiosperms containing the R2, R3, and bHLH domains, while the C-terminal regions were found to be highly variable. The typical repressor motifs like the LxLxL-type EAR motif and the TLLLFR motif were absent from the C-terminal regions of MYB suppressors from most gymnosperms. However, although the gymnosperms lacked the characteristic repressor domains, a R2R3-type MYB member from <i>Ginkgo</i> was reported to repress the lignin biosynthetic pathway. It is proposed that gymnosperms possess unique kinds of repressors that need further functional validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520285,"journal":{"name":"Forestry research","volume":"4 ","pages":"e031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524278/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Lignin biosynthesis pathway repressors in gymnosperms: differential repressor domains as compared to angiosperms.\",\"authors\":\"Sonali Sachin Ranade, María Rosario García-Gil\",\"doi\":\"10.48130/forres-0024-0029\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer present in the cell walls of specialized plant cell types in vascular plants that provides structural support and plays a major role in plant protection. The lignin biosynthesis pathway is regulated by transcription factors from the MYB (myeloblastosis) family. While several MYB members positively regulate lignin synthesis, only a few negatively regulate lignin synthesis. These lignin suppressors are well characterized in model plant species; however, their role has not been fully explored in gymnosperms. Lignin forms one of the major hurdles for the forest-based industry e.g. paper, pulp, and biofuel production. Therefore, the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of lignin synthesis are valuable, especially in conifers that form the major source of softwood for timber and paper production. In this review, the potential and differential domains present in the MYB suppressors in gymnosperms are discussed, along with their phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that the N-terminal regions of the MYB suppressor members were found to be conserved among the gymnosperms and angiosperms containing the R2, R3, and bHLH domains, while the C-terminal regions were found to be highly variable. The typical repressor motifs like the LxLxL-type EAR motif and the TLLLFR motif were absent from the C-terminal regions of MYB suppressors from most gymnosperms. However, although the gymnosperms lacked the characteristic repressor domains, a R2R3-type MYB member from <i>Ginkgo</i> was reported to repress the lignin biosynthetic pathway. It is proposed that gymnosperms possess unique kinds of repressors that need further functional validation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":520285,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forestry research\",\"volume\":\"4 \",\"pages\":\"e031\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524278/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forestry research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.48130/forres-0024-0029\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forestry research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.48130/forres-0024-0029","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
木质素是一种多酚聚合物,存在于维管束植物中特殊植物细胞类型的细胞壁中,可提供结构支撑并在植物保护中发挥重要作用。木质素的生物合成途径受 MYB(髓母细胞瘤)家族转录因子的调控。虽然有几个 MYB 成员能正向调节木质素的合成,但只有少数几个能负向调节木质素的合成。这些木质素抑制因子在模式植物物种中具有很好的特征,但在裸子植物中的作用尚未得到充分探索。木质素是造纸、纸浆和生物燃料生产等林产工业的主要障碍之一。因此,研究木质素合成调控的详细机制非常有价值,尤其是在针叶树中,因为针叶树是木材和造纸用软木的主要来源。本综述讨论了裸子植物中 MYB 抑制剂的潜在和差异结构域及其系统发育分析。序列分析表明,MYB 抑制因子成员的 N 端区域在裸子植物和被子植物中是保守的,包含 R2、R3 和 bHLH 结构域,而 C 端区域则变化很大。大多数裸子植物的 MYB 抑制因子的 C 端区域都不存在典型的抑制基团,如 LxLxL 型 EAR 基团和 TLLLFR 基团。然而,尽管裸子植物缺乏特征性抑制剂结构域,但据报道银杏中的 R2R3 型 MYB 成员可抑制木质素生物合成途径。有人提出,裸子植物拥有独特类型的抑制因子,需要进一步的功能验证。
Lignin biosynthesis pathway repressors in gymnosperms: differential repressor domains as compared to angiosperms.
Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer present in the cell walls of specialized plant cell types in vascular plants that provides structural support and plays a major role in plant protection. The lignin biosynthesis pathway is regulated by transcription factors from the MYB (myeloblastosis) family. While several MYB members positively regulate lignin synthesis, only a few negatively regulate lignin synthesis. These lignin suppressors are well characterized in model plant species; however, their role has not been fully explored in gymnosperms. Lignin forms one of the major hurdles for the forest-based industry e.g. paper, pulp, and biofuel production. Therefore, the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of lignin synthesis are valuable, especially in conifers that form the major source of softwood for timber and paper production. In this review, the potential and differential domains present in the MYB suppressors in gymnosperms are discussed, along with their phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that the N-terminal regions of the MYB suppressor members were found to be conserved among the gymnosperms and angiosperms containing the R2, R3, and bHLH domains, while the C-terminal regions were found to be highly variable. The typical repressor motifs like the LxLxL-type EAR motif and the TLLLFR motif were absent from the C-terminal regions of MYB suppressors from most gymnosperms. However, although the gymnosperms lacked the characteristic repressor domains, a R2R3-type MYB member from Ginkgo was reported to repress the lignin biosynthetic pathway. It is proposed that gymnosperms possess unique kinds of repressors that need further functional validation.