Histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of adult renal tumors: a five-year retrospective study in Mureş County, Romania.

Introduction: The incidence of renal tumors increased substantially in the past decades, being responsible for 3% of deaths caused by cancer globally. They constitute a diverse group with varying morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. The severity and prognosis are directly correlated with tumor stage, histopathological aspect, sarcomatoid/rhabdoid features, fat or vascular invasion.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence trend, as well as demographic and pathological characteristics of renal tumors in Mureş County Clinical Hospital, Romania, and border areas.

Patients, materials and methods: In this retrospective study, all patients who underwent a total or partial nephrectomy for renal tumors were analyzed over a five-year period. The data was collected from the Pathology Department of Mureş County Clinical Hospital.

Results: Among 220 patients, 138 (62.72%) were males and 82 (37.27%) females. The mean age was 62.63 years (range: 33-84 years). The majority of the tumors found were malignant: 204 (92.72%) vs 16 (7.27%) benign. The most common subtype within malignant tumors was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) (n=181), 13.25% cases with sarcomatoid/rhabdoid features. pT3a stage was frequently identified. Vascular invasion and necrosis were observed in a large number of cases, especially for CCRCC with sarcomatoid/rhabdoid features.

Conclusions: The spectrum of adult renal tumors in our region aligns with the data reported in the literature. CCRCC was the most frequent histological subtype and pT3a the most common stage identified. Our study contributes to the understanding of renal tumors characteristics, identifying potential factors with impact in the progression and prognosis of the disease.