The research on the applicability of different typhoon wind fields in the simulation of typhoon waves in China’s coastal waters

Typhoon waves possess significant destructive potential, and their numerical simulation relies on accurate sea surface wind fields. An evaluation of different combinations of the radial air pressure distribution coefficient B and the radius of maximum wind speed (Rmax) in the Holland wind field (HWF) model was conducted to determine the optimal configuration. The HWF and the ERA5 wind field (EWF) were used as input wind fields to drive the typhoon wave model for China’s coastal waters. Validation results indicated that neither wind field accurately reflected real conditions; therefore, a hybrid wind field (HBWF) was created by combining HWF and EWF using weighting coefficients that vary with the radius of wind speed to enhance accuracy. Simulation results showed that the HBWF improved the accuracy of significant wave heights (SWHs), with a mean relative error of 25.29%, compared to 32.48% for HWF and 27.94% for EWF. Additionally, HBWF also demonstrated the best performance in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and consistency index. Overall, the HBWF enhances the simulation accuracy of typhoon waves in China's coastal waters.