在化学品风险评估中释放数据统一和 FAIRness 的潜力:从实践中汲取的教训和对政策制定的启示

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Oona Freudenthal, Marcos Da Silveira, Louis Deladiennee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

欧盟的 "零污染行动计划 "强调,持久性有毒化学品仍然是一个重大的污染问题。人们很早就开始接触复杂的化学混合物,并持续一生,例如玩具、塑料制品、家具和合成纤维等消费品。欧盟资助的研究项目,如 COPHES/DEMOCOPHES、HBM4EU 和 PARC,记录了人们接触这些物质的情况。这些研究项目的成果有助于凸显 "关注物质"(SoCs)对健康的不利影响,并促使欧盟采取了多项监管行动。SoCs 包括致癌物、诱变剂、内分泌干扰物和 "持久性、生物累积性和流动性"(PBM)化学品等危险化学品。化学品管理的数字化转型催生了一些政策,强制要求以电子方式提交化学品风险评估相关数据,并创建了特定行业数据库,如欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)根据修订后的《废物框架指令》(WstFD)建立的 "产品中的相关物质"(SCIP)数据库。这些数据库描述了 SoCs 及其与产品的联系,提供了化学品数量、排放源、暴露途径和其他相关数据的综合视图,但这取决于强大的数据管理。有效的化学品风险评估需要对危害、暴露源和暴露水平进行描述,并在明确界定的问题表述和监测的支持下,得出潜在风险的结论。这包括设定目标和界定风险评估和决策的范围,特别是以保护公众健康为目的的早期预警信号检测。成功的风险评估取决于能否获得跨科学学科和监管框架的可靠、可追溯、可访问和可互操作的数据。本文讨论了从多个来源汇总与人类健康风险评估相关的化学信息所面临的挑战,特别是从数据融合和再利用的角度进行了讨论。它介绍了一个研究项目的结果,该项目侧重于利用来自不同政府和科学来源的化学品数据集。研究强调了改进数据展示和可用性的必要性,以提高所有利益相关者的可用性。为欧盟委员会、欧洲化学品管理局、工业界和学术界提出了建议,以支持统一数据实践、提高透明度和开发可持续的化学品应用,促进更安全的市场引入。这些建议对关心其发布或管理的数据的可重用性的其他数据提供者也很有用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unlocking the potential of data harmonization and FAIRness in chemical risk assessment: lessons from practice and insights for policy development

Persistent and toxic chemicals remain a significant pollution concern, underscored by the European Union's Zero Pollution Action Plan. Daily exposure to complex chemical mixtures starts early and continues throughout life, for instance for consumer products such as toys, plasticware, furniture, and synthetic fibres. EU-funded research projects like COPHES/DEMOCOPHES, HBM4EU, and PARC have documented population exposure to these substances. The outcomes of such research initiatives have contributed to highlighting the adverse health impacts of Substances of Concern (SoCs), leading to several regulatory actions within the EU. SoCs include hazardous chemicals such as carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors, and “persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile” (PBM) chemicals. The digital transformation in chemicals management has resulted in policies that mandate electronic submissions of chemical risk assessment-relevant data, and the creation of industry-specific databases like the Substances of Concern in Products (SCIP) database, established by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the revised Waste Framework Directive (WstFD). These databases describe SoCs and their link with products, offering a comprehensive view of chemical quantities, emission sources, exposure pathways, and other relevant data, contingent on robust data governance. Effective chemical risk assessment requires characterizing hazards, exposure sources and levels, and drawing conclusions concluding on potential risks, supported by a well-defined problem formulation and monitoring. This includes setting objectives and defining the scope of the risk assessment and decision-making, particularly regarding early warning signal detection for the purpose of public health protection. Successful risk assessment hinges on access to robust, traceable, accessible, and interoperable data across scientific disciplines and regulatory frameworks. This paper discusses the challenges of aggregating human health risk assessment-relevant chemical information from multiple sources, especially from the perspective of data fusion and reuse. It presents findings from a research project focused on utilizing chemicals datasets from various governmental and scientific sources. The study highlights the need for improved data presentation and availability to enhance usability for all stakeholders. Recommendations are made for the EU Commission, ECHA, industry, and academia to support harmonized data practices, increased transparency, and the development of sustainable chemical applications fostering safer market introductions. These recommendations can also be useful to other data providers that care about the reusability of the data they publish or manage.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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