{"title":"低碳钢 T 型接头的线性摩擦焊:焊接参数对接头质量的影响","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100267","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linear friction welding (LFW) is a well-established solid-state joining technique. However, its application in T-joint configurations remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of welding parameters, such as oscillation direction, upset, and applied pressure after oscillation, on linear friction welded (LFWed) T-joints using low-carbon steel SM490A. The flash ejection behavior, flash profiles, microhardness, microstructure at the welding interface, and tensile properties of the joints were evaluated under various welding conditions. The results indicated that flash symmetry was lower along the oscillation direction and higher perpendicular to it. Short-side oscillation produced more homogeneous flash ejection compared to long-side oscillation. No distinct softening zones were observed in the hardness profiles of the LFWed T-joints. The microstructure at the welding interface consisted of martensite, bainite, and ferrite, indicating that the weld region reached temperatures above the <em>A<sub>1</sub></em> temperature. The martensite fraction and hardness increased with higher upset and applied pressure after oscillation. Tensile tests revealed 100 % joint efficiency across all welding conditions, with ductile fracture occurring in the base metal due to the absence of welding defects and increased hardness at the interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Linear friction welding of T-Joints in low carbon steel: Effect of welding parameters on joint quality\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100267\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Linear friction welding (LFW) is a well-established solid-state joining technique. However, its application in T-joint configurations remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of welding parameters, such as oscillation direction, upset, and applied pressure after oscillation, on linear friction welded (LFWed) T-joints using low-carbon steel SM490A. The flash ejection behavior, flash profiles, microhardness, microstructure at the welding interface, and tensile properties of the joints were evaluated under various welding conditions. The results indicated that flash symmetry was lower along the oscillation direction and higher perpendicular to it. Short-side oscillation produced more homogeneous flash ejection compared to long-side oscillation. No distinct softening zones were observed in the hardness profiles of the LFWed T-joints. The microstructure at the welding interface consisted of martensite, bainite, and ferrite, indicating that the weld region reached temperatures above the <em>A<sub>1</sub></em> temperature. The martensite fraction and hardness increased with higher upset and applied pressure after oscillation. Tensile tests revealed 100 % joint efficiency across all welding conditions, with ductile fracture occurring in the base metal due to the absence of welding defects and increased hardness at the interface.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":34313,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330924000839\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330924000839","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
线性摩擦焊(LFW)是一种成熟的固态连接技术。然而,它在 T 型接头结构中的应用仍有待探索。本研究使用低碳钢 SM490A 研究了焊接参数对线性摩擦焊接(LFWed)T 型接头的影响,如摆动方向、镦粗和摆动后施加的压力。在不同的焊接条件下,对接头的飞溅行为、飞溅轮廓、显微硬度、焊接界面的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了评估。结果表明,沿振荡方向的闪光对称性较低,而垂直于振荡方向的闪光对称性较高。与长边振荡相比,短边振荡产生的闪光喷射更均匀。在低频焊接 T 型接头的硬度曲线上没有观察到明显的软化区。焊接界面的微观结构由马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体组成,表明焊接区域的温度高于 A1 温度。马氏体的比例和硬度随着振荡后更大的扰动和施加压力而增加。拉伸试验表明,在所有焊接条件下,接头效率都达到了 100%,由于没有焊接缺陷和界面硬度增加,母材发生了韧性断裂。
Linear friction welding of T-Joints in low carbon steel: Effect of welding parameters on joint quality
Linear friction welding (LFW) is a well-established solid-state joining technique. However, its application in T-joint configurations remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of welding parameters, such as oscillation direction, upset, and applied pressure after oscillation, on linear friction welded (LFWed) T-joints using low-carbon steel SM490A. The flash ejection behavior, flash profiles, microhardness, microstructure at the welding interface, and tensile properties of the joints were evaluated under various welding conditions. The results indicated that flash symmetry was lower along the oscillation direction and higher perpendicular to it. Short-side oscillation produced more homogeneous flash ejection compared to long-side oscillation. No distinct softening zones were observed in the hardness profiles of the LFWed T-joints. The microstructure at the welding interface consisted of martensite, bainite, and ferrite, indicating that the weld region reached temperatures above the A1 temperature. The martensite fraction and hardness increased with higher upset and applied pressure after oscillation. Tensile tests revealed 100 % joint efficiency across all welding conditions, with ductile fracture occurring in the base metal due to the absence of welding defects and increased hardness at the interface.