Impact of altimeter-buoy data-pairing methods on the validation of Sentinel-3A coastal significant wave heights

Sea state information is critical for a broad range of human activities (e.g. shipping, marine energy, marine engineering) most of them being concentrated along the coastal zone. Satellite altimeter records of significant wave heights (SWH) represent the largest source of sea state observations available to date. However, the quality of altimeter observations is reduced in the coastal zone due to surface heterogeneity within the radar signal footprint. Major difficulties to assess the performance of coastal altimetry in the coastal zone are the reduced number of valid altimeter records and the increased sea state variability, which have recently fostered the development of new methods to pair and compare nearby altimeter and buoy data. In this study, we use a high-resolution numerical wave model implemented over the European coastal waters in order to characterize the spatial variability of sea states in the proximity of coastal in situ buoys, we explore different model-based data-pairing methods to account for coastal sea state variability and we assess their impact on the validation of Sentinel-3A 20Hz SWH measurements. Three Sentinel-3A processing modes are considered: the pseudo low rate mode processing, the SAR processing and the Low Resolution with Range Migration Correction (LR-RMC) processing. Our results indicate major impacts of data-pairing methods on the Sentinel-3A coastal validation and reveals the contribution of more frequent low SWH conditions, poorly resolved by radar altimeters, in the coastal zone as an additional source of errors in coastal altimetry.