Grace Capshaw, Clarice A Diebold, Danielle M Adams, Jack G Rayner, Gerald S Wilkinson, Cynthia F Moss, Amanda M Lauer
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引用次数: 0
摘要
听觉对回声定位蝙蝠的许多生存行为至关重要,包括觅食和导航。虽然大多数哺乳动物都容易出现与年龄有关的渐进性听力损失,但生物声纳的进化要求蝙蝠能够从发出的声纳信号中听到低强度的回声,这可能避免了蝙蝠出现听力缺陷。许多回声定位蝙蝠寿命超长,并依靠声学行为存活到老年;然而,人们对老化蝙蝠听觉系统的了解相对较少。在这项研究中,我们利用 DNA 甲基化来估计野生捕获的大棕蝠(Eptesicus fuscus)的年龄,并利用听觉脑干反应(ABRs)和畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAEs)来测量年轻和老龄蝙蝠的听觉灵敏度。我们发现 12.5 岁以下的蝙蝠没有听力障碍的迹象,各年龄组的阈值相当,ABR 和 DPOAE 振幅相似。此外,我们在组织学上也没有发现明显的耳蜗老化迹象,年轻蝙蝠和老龄蝙蝠的毛细胞数量、传入和传出神经支配模式相似。在这里,我们证明了大棕蝠表现出与年龄相关的听力损失的证据极少,因此是研究可能在漫长的一生中保持听力功能的机制的信息模型。
Resistance to age-related hearing loss in the echolocating big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus).
Hearing mediates many behaviours critical for survival in echolocating bats, including foraging and navigation. Although most mammals are susceptible to progressive age-related hearing loss, the evolution of biosonar, which requires the ability to hear low-intensity echoes from outgoing sonar signals, may have selected against the development of hearing deficits in bats. Many echolocating bats exhibit exceptional longevity and rely on acoustic behaviours for survival to old age; however, relatively little is known about the ageing bat auditory system. In this study, we used DNA methylation to estimate the ages of wild-caught big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and measured hearing sensitivity in young and ageing bats using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). We found no evidence for hearing deficits in bats up to 12.5 years of age, demonstrated by comparable thresholds and similar ABR and DPOAE amplitudes across age groups. We additionally found no significant histological evidence for cochlear ageing, with similar hair cell counts, afferent and efferent innervation patterns in young and ageing bats. Here, we demonstrate that big brown bats show minimal evidence for age-related hearing loss and therefore represent informative models for investigating mechanisms that may preserve hearing function over a long lifetime.
期刊介绍:
Proceedings B is the Royal Society’s flagship biological research journal, accepting original articles and reviews of outstanding scientific importance and broad general interest. The main criteria for acceptance are that a study is novel, and has general significance to biologists. Articles published cover a wide range of areas within the biological sciences, many have relevance to organisms and the environments in which they live. The scope includes, but is not limited to, ecology, evolution, behavior, health and disease epidemiology, neuroscience and cognition, behavioral genetics, development, biomechanics, paleontology, comparative biology, molecular ecology and evolution, and global change biology.