Infrared Spectroscopy of Lunar Core 73001: Upper Limit on Hydration in a Lunar Sample With No History of Exposure to Terrestrial Water Vapor

The lunar surface exhibits an absorption band near 3 μm due to hydration, either water or hydroxyl. In most analyses, the band is variable at least in latitude and temperature. Hypotheses for the variability include infilling of the band by thermal emission, migration of molecular water along temperature gradients, and formation and destruction of metastable hydroxyl as solar wind hydrogen diffuses through lunar surface grains. The degree to which lunar soil exhibits an inherent hydration feature in the absence of environmental influences is an open question. The recent opening of Apollo core sample 73001 that was sealed in vacuum on the lunar surface and curated in dry nitrogen since its return from the Moon affords an opportunity to determine if lunar soil exhibits a spectral feature due to hydration isolated from the lunar environment. To that end, near the close of dissection of the core into samples for allocation to the lunar science community, we introduced an infrared spectrometer into the nitrogen purged curation cabinet and collected reflectance spectra of portions of the core between 2 and 4 μm. We found no evidence of absorption due to hydration to 1.1% band depth uncertainty. The measurements were relative to a diffuse aluminum standard, which itself could possibly absorb light at 3 μm due to a thin film of water; we estimate a possible negative bias of about 50 μg/g equivalent water absorption, leading to a final estimate of core water abundance of 50 μg/g ± 50 μg/g. This finding does not contradict prior estimates of lunar surface hydration as core sample 73001 is immature and may not have had sufficient opportunity to gather enough hydrogen from the solar wind or water from micrometeorites to form detectable hydration. After exposure of the core to laboratory atmosphere, a strong 3 μm absorption developed, equivalent to over 1,000 μg/g at a rate of about 5 μg/g per minute, illustrating the sensitivity of lunar materials to water contamination, and the effectiveness of curation of the sample.