Phase behavior and biological activity of lyotropic liquid crystal systems doped with 1,2,3-triazole derivative

Heterocyclic compounds are important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, especially substituted triazoles, which have high biological activity. The development of approaches to the creation of delivery systems for bioactive heterocyclic compounds is of particular importance for improving the biopharmaceutical aspects of therapy. In this work, we report synthesis and characterization of a new 1,2,3-triazole: ethyl 2-((1-decyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-oxobutanoate (TR). The efficient incorporation into lyotropic mesophases as a drug delivery platform demonstrated. Polarized optical microscopy studies confirmed formation of a lyotropic mesophase in the binary P123/TR system as well as in tertiary systems with added water, ethanol, and DMSO. This allows to dope 5 % of triazole into lyomesophases. IR and UV spectroscopy studies detected intermolecular interactions occurring in the P123/TR system. Release of TR from binary and tertiary lyomesophases was studied. Impacts of composition and temperature on the release time were analyzed. Evaluation of cytotoxicity to M-Hela and HuTu-80 cancer lines and Chang Liver living cells revealed antitumor properties of the studied substituted 1,2,3-triazole. The lowest IC₅₀ of TR is 57 μg·mL⁻¹ toward HuTu-80. This is at the level of the reference drug Fluconazol. For the P123/DMSO/TR LLC system in concentration range of 31.3–124 µg·ml⁻¹, the viability percentage of liver cells is comparable to those of cancer cells. These results demonstrate the potential opportunity for application LLC P123/DMSO used as a TR delivery for and enhance its antitumor effect.