Health issues of young adults with hearing loss or deafness: A basis for the development of a chatbot.

Background: The loss of hearing and thus communication affects the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Digital tools for coping with everyday life are becoming increasingly important and can have a positive impact on health literacy, especially among young adults. This raises the question of which issues such apps should specifically address in order to meet the needs of young adults with hearing loss or deafness.

Methods: The aim was to identify the health issues of young adults (aged 18-28 years) with hearing loss or deafness in order to derive specific recommendations for a conversational agent (chatbot). A multiple embedded case study design consisting of chat interviews (n = 8) and an online-based expert survey (n = 14) was used.

Results: The central phenomenon focuses on "The sense of belonging and feeling well in spite of hearing loss", which is influenced by two main categories: a. the ability to be oneself despite one's vulnerability; b. the desire to be strong despite one's vulnerability. Important health issues include depression, drug use, diet, exercise, isolation due to COVID measures and HIV prophylaxis.

Conclusion: Written information must be provided in simple and accessible language supported by images and symbols. Conversation agents developed to support people with hearing impairment should be easy to install and self-explanatory to use.