每小时 20 英里的速度限制和区域可改善公众健康：元叙事证据综述

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jth.2024.101917

Carel-Peter L. van Erpecum , Anna Bornioli , Claire Cleland , Sarah Jones , Adrian Davis , Nicolette R. den Braver , Paul Pilkington

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景最近，欧洲多个城市越来越多地采用了每小时 20 英里（20mph/30kph）的速度限制和区域干预措施。这些每小时 20 英里的限速和限行区不仅有助于道路安全，还可能对积极出行、体育锻炼和空气污染等公共健康结果有益。我们的目的是对 20mph 车速限制和限速区的潜在健康影响的证据进行最新评估。方法我们检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Transport Research Information Service 四个电子数据库，并通过与 "20mph "或 "30kph "和健康结果相关的关键词对灰色文献进行了评估。总体而言，时速 20mph 限速和限速区对伤害、碰撞和伤亡有明显的影响。20mph 车速限制和限速区对积极出行、体育锻炼和空气污染等公共健康结果的广泛影响还需要进一步评估。一些分组分析表明，不同年龄组、性别、社区贫困程度、种族背景、就业状况、健康状况和道路使用者类型（如骑自行车者）会产生不同的影响。此外，还强调了证据基础在方法上的局限性，包括暴露和结果测量与描述方面的挑战，以及在使用自然实验方法时，评估长期随访期间公共健康变量变化的困难。虽然由于评估困难，人们对每小时 20 英里的车速对公众健康的广泛影响仍然知之甚少，但每小时 20 英里的车速限制和限速区可以使公众健康受益的逻辑路径是清晰的。未来的研究应弥补这一不足，并考虑更低的车速限制和区域在创建更健康的城市中所能发挥的更广泛作用。

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20mph speed limits and zones for better public health: Meta-narrative evidence synthesis

Background

Recently, twenty miles per hour (20mph/30kph) speed limit and zone interventions have been increasingly adopted in various European cities. These 20mph speed limits and zones do not only contribute to road safety but they may also be beneficial for public health outcomes such as active travel, physical activity, and air pollution. We aimed to provide an updated assessment of the evidence for potential health effects of 20mph speed limits and zones.

Methods

We searched four electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Transport Research Information Service and assessed the grey literature through keywords related to ‘20mph’ or ‘30kph’ and health outcomes.

Results

A total of 23 publications (13 academic and ten grey literature publications) were identified. Overall, 20mph speed limits and zones have clear effects on injuries, collisions, and casualties. The wider effects of 20mph speed limits and zones on public health outcomes such as active travel, physical activity, and air pollution need further evaluation. Several subgroup analyses suggested differential effects for age groups, gender, neighbourhood deprivation level, ethnic background, employment status, health status, and type of road user (e.g., cyclist). Additionally, methodological limitations of the evidence base were highlighted, including challenges regarding exposure and outcome measurement and description, and the difficulty of evaluating changes in public health variables over long follow-up periods when using natural experimental methods.

Conclusions

20mph speed limits and zones have the potential to improve road safety. Whilst the broader public health effects of 20mph remain poorly understood given difficulties in evaluating, the logic path through which 20mph speed limits and zones can benefit public health is clear. Future research should address this gap and consider the broader role that lower speed limits and zones can play in creating healthier cities.

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