Optimizing synthesis and catalytic performance of novel β-keto-enamine complexes of Ni (II) using BBD design and PSO-ANN

This study focuses on the synthesis of novel nickel (II) complexes with chelated β-keto-enamine ligands and evaluates their catalytic performance in imine preparation. The main objectives are to optimise the synthesis of (N^ᴧO) NiCl₂ complexes, characterise them by UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and investigate their electrochemical properties. A Box-Behnken design was used to refine the synthesis process. Spectroscopic analyses elucidated the complexation behaviour, while cyclic voltammetry revealed reversible monoelectronic processes. The catalytic activity of the complexes was rigorously tested, with statistical analysis tools, including ANOVA and PSO-based artificial neural networks, aiding data interpretation and yield prediction. Optimal conditions were identified, revealing promising catalytic properties. The integration of predictive modelling has consequently improved yields and provided valuable insights into the catalytic applications of these nickel (II) complexes.