Yanrong Li , Rong Chen , Zhujun Zhu , Tong Mu , Zhaoshou Ran , Jilin Xu , Chengxu Zhou , Xiaojun Yan
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引用次数: 0
摘要
双壳类动物(如蛤蜊、牡蛎、贻贝、扇贝)是全球食物的重要组成部分,因其营养价值而被捕捞,但作为滤食性动物,它们很容易受到某些种类浮游植物产生的毒素的累积影响。卡洛毒素(KmTxs)是一类具有溶血性、鱼毒性和细胞毒性的蚜虫醇类化合物,与有害藻类的大量繁殖有关,甲藻卡洛藻(Karlodinium veneficum)利用 KmTxs 来促进捕获猎物并阻止其他生物的捕食。在这项工作中,我们研究了 4,5-二氢-KmTx2(一种之前从 K. veneficum 分离出来的卡洛毒素)在两种具有不同生活习性的双壳贝,即拉马克双壳贝(Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck)和林尼厄斯双壳贝(Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus)体内的积累和净化情况。这两种双壳贝在饲料中长期摄入 K. veneficum GM5 10 天后,4,5-二氢-KmTx2 在内脏中大量积累,但在肌肉中几乎没有毒素积累。镍螯虾的毒素积累比缢蛏更为严重。从饲料中移除 K. veneficum GM5 后 5 天,毒素几乎完全从双壳类动物体内清除。对于这两种双壳类动物,饵料微藻 I. galbana 既减缓了毒素的积累,也减缓了毒素的清除。
Accumulation and depuration of 4,5-dihydro-KmTx2 from Karlodinium veneficum in the bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria and Sinonovacula constricta
Bivalves (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) are a significant part of the global diet and are harvested for their nutritional value, but as filter feeders they are susceptible to the accumulation of toxins produced by certain species of phytoplankton. Karlotoxins (KmTxs) are a class of amphidinol-like compounds with hemolytic, ichthyotoxic, and cytotoxic properties that have been associated with harmful algal blooms, and the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum uses KmTxs to facilitate prey capture and deter grazing by other organisms. In this work, we examined the accumulation and depuration of 4,5-dihydro-KmTx2, a karlotoxin previously isolated from K. veneficum, in two bivalves with different life habits, i.e., Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck and Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus. After both bivalves received K. veneficum GM5 in their feed for a long period of 10 days, 4,5-dihydro-KmTx2 was accumulated considerably in the visceral mass, but there was almost no toxin accumulation in the muscle. The accumulation was more severe for M. mercenaria than S. constricta. The toxin was cleared almost completely from the bivalves 5 days after K. veneficum GM5 was removed from the feed. For both bivalves, the bait microalgae I. galbana slowed both the accumulation and the depuration of the toxin.
期刊介绍:
This journal provides a forum to promote knowledge of harmful microalgae and macroalgae, including cyanobacteria, as well as monitoring, management and control of these organisms.