Architecture of the post-obductional Sunub Structure, northeastern Sultanate of Oman: Based on mapping, 3D gravity inversion and shale migration

We examined the structural evolution of the poorly understood Sunub Structure, which is associated with the northern margin of the Saih Hatat Dome and the extensional Frontal Range Fault (northeastern Oman). The Sunub Structure is located at a dextral transtensional segment and on the hanging wall of the NNE-striking Frontal Range Fault. The fault was active during the Campanian(?)/Maastrichtian to early Eocene (Interval I) and mid-/late Eocene to early Miocene (Interval II). Gravitational inversion using 175 stations and mapping shows: (1) The Sunub Structure is possibly >1200–1350 m deep and filled mostly with the >900-m-thick Campanian(?)/Maastrichtian siliciclastic Al-Khod Formation, including shale, and some overlying Paleogene limestones. (2) The bottom of the basin cannot be depicted. (3) The lower part of the structure is a basin (Sunub Sedimentary Basin), bounded by sub-vertical to steep contacts. (4) The upper part of the Sunub Structure is a basin fold displaying a bowl-shape down to ∼300 m below the surface, referred to as the Sunub Bowl. (5) The bowl is cut by radial faults and five ∼E/W-striking transverse faults. The Sunub Structure formed during Interval I as a deep transtensional, syn-depositional basin. Gentle post-depositional tectonics during Interval II and visco-plastic shale movements produced the present-day bowl-shape that is visible at the surface. Gravitational inversion depict possible evidence for shale migration within the Al-Khod Formation. Although no hydrocarbons are present, the Sunub Structure can serve as an analogue for hydrocarbon migration and storage in similar structures.