了解埃塞俄比亚的妊娠糖尿病：西达马孕妇患病率和风险因素横断面研究的启示

Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100789

Girma Tenkolu Bune

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种以妊娠期葡萄糖不耐受为特征的慢性疾病，在中低收入国家尤为常见，对母亲和胎儿的健康都有很大风险。埃塞俄比亚对这一问题的研究十分有限，尤其是关于世界卫生组织 2013 年提出的普遍筛查指南的研究。本研究旨在评估西达马州产前门诊妇女中 GDM 的患病率，并确定其影响因素。方法在西达马州开展的一项横断面研究纳入了 685 名孕妇，她们接受了两小时的口服葡萄糖耐量试验，以进行妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的普遍筛查和诊断。研究采用描述性统计和多变量分析对 GDM 的患病率进行了评估，调整后的几率（AOR）为 95% 的置信区间，显著性水平为 0.05。结果该研究共有 685 名参与者，回复率为 92.4%，表明 GDM 的总体患病率为 16.1%，葡萄糖负荷后的平均水平为 0.99 mmole/L。生活在城市地区（AOR = 1.69，95 %CI (1.011, 2.82)）、丧偶（AOR = 2.23，95 %CI (1.00,5.08)）、既往流产史（AOR = 2.59，95 %CI (1.50,4.50)）、既往剖腹产史（AOR = 0.14，95 % CI (0.07,0.27)）、孕期（AOR = 0.77，95 % CI (0.64,0.94)）、奇偶数（AOR = 1.结论该研究显示，埃塞俄比亚锡达玛地区的妊娠糖尿病（GDM）患病率为 16.1%，与该国其他地区近期的研究结果一致。研究还发现了妊娠期糖尿病的几个主要独立风险因素，包括城市居民、丧偶、流产或剖宫产、HIV 感染状况、孕酮和胎次。研究结果强调，亟需对孕妇，尤其是高发地区的孕妇进行有针对性的干预，并对 GDM 进行持续监测。为了提高埃塞俄比亚及其他地区的孕产妇健康水平，将这些研究结果纳入全面的医疗保健战略至关重要。

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Unraveling gestational diabetes in Ethiopia: Insights from a cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors among Sidama’s pregnant population

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a chronic condition characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy and is particularly common in low- and middle-income countries, where it poses significant health risks to both mothers and their fetuses. Research on this topic in Ethiopia has been limited, especially regarding the World Health Organization’s 2013 guidelines for universal screening. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of GDM and identify its influencing factors among women attending antenatal clinics in the Sidama regional state.

Methods

A cross-sectional study in the Sidama Region included 685 pregnant women who underwent a two-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for universal screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The prevalence of GDM was evaluated using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis with the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05.

Results

The study, comprising 685 participants, attained a 92.4 % response rate, indicating a 16.1 % prevalence of GDM overall and an average post-glucose load level of 0.99 mmole/L. Factors such as living in urban areas (AOR = 1.69, 95 % CI (1.011, 2.82)), being widowed (AOR = 2.23,95 % CI (1.00,5.08)), history of previous abortions (AOR = 2.59,95 %CI(1.50,4.50)), prior caesarean section(AOR = 0.14,95 % CI (0.07,0.27)), gravidity (AOR = 0.77,95 % CI (0.64,0.94)), parity (AOR = 1.93, 95 % CI (1.54, 2.42)), and HIV/AIDS status (AOR = 4.06, 95 % CI (2.18, 7.58)) were independently associated with GDM.

Conclusion

The study revealed a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence of 16.1% in the Sidama region of Ethiopia, consistent with findings from other recent studies across the country. It also identified several key independent risk factors for GDM, including urban residency, widowhood, prior abortions or cesarean deliveries, HIV status, gravidity, and parity. The results emphasize the critical need for targeted interventions and continuous monitoring of GDM among pregnant women, particularly in regions with high prevalence. To enhance maternal health outcomes in Ethiopia and beyond, it is crucial to incorporate these findings into comprehensive healthcare strategies.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Nursing-Nursing (all)

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

114

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences (IJANS) is an international scientific journal published by Elsevier. The broad-based journal was founded on two key tenets, i.e. to publish the most exciting research with respect to the subjects of Nursing and Midwifery in Africa, and secondly, to advance the international understanding and development of nursing and midwifery in Africa, both as a profession and as an academic discipline. The fully refereed journal provides a forum for all aspects of nursing and midwifery sciences, especially new trends and advances. The journal call for original research papers, systematic and scholarly review articles, and critical papers which will stimulate debate on research, policy, theory or philosophy of nursing as related to nursing and midwifery in Africa, technical reports, and short communications, and which will meet the journal''s high academic and ethical standards. Manuscripts of nursing practice, education, management, and research are encouraged. The journal values critical scholarly debate on issues that have strategic significance for educators, practitioners, leaders and policy-makers of nursing and midwifery in Africa. The journal publishes the highest quality scholarly contributions reflecting the diversity of nursing, and is also inviting international scholars who are engaged with nursing and midwifery in Africa to contribute to the journal. We will only publish work that demonstrates the use of rigorous methodology as well as by publishing papers that highlight the theoretical underpinnings of nursing and midwifery as it relates to the Africa context.