Sources and transport pathways of trace metals to the outer continental shelf off South Carolina and Georgia, USA revealed from the otoliths of moray eels

Trace metal concentrations in otoliths of spotted moray eels (Gymnothorax moringa), non-migratory residents of hard bottom reefs at depths of ∼30–70m along the outer shelf adjacent to South Carolina and Georgia, were analyzed to determine if results provide insights into trace metal sources and transport processes in this dynamic region of the shelf. Li and Mg appear to reflect exposure to local sea water circulated through adjacent porous rock outcrops where the eels reside. Concentrations of Mn, V, Cu, and Zn in otoliths appear to be associated with deep water upwelled along the shelf break. Based on 30 years of water temperature data from fishery surveys, Scamp Ridge, located at 32.3⁰ N at a depth of ∼50m, has significantly lower summertime bottom temperature than elsewhere along the shelf edge, indicating locally enhanced upwelling at that location. The highest levels of Cu and Zn and the lowest of Mn and V were also found in otoliths of eels collected in the vicinity of Scamp Ridge. These results indicate that otolith chemistry in eels can reveal fine-scale structure of water mass inputs to the outer shelf of the southeastern US coast.