Neoadjuvant Therapy and Lung Cancer: Role of Pathologists.

Context.—: Recent neoadjuvant clinical trials in lung cancer have demonstrated the survival benefits in carefully selected patients. Standardization of the assessment of pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy in surgically resected specimens is required.

Objective.—: To review the current pathology practices in the gross processing and microscopic assessment of surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens after neoadjuvant therapy.

Data sources.—: PubMed publications and experience of the author.

Conclusions.—: Gross processing of the surgically resected lung carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy needs further refinement and standardization in clinical trials and in a real-world clinical practice. Microscopic assessment of the response includes quantification of viable tumor, necrosis, and stroma. The best approach would be to use a single standardized and most reproducible scoring system. Published studies on gross processing of lung carcinoma specimens in the neoadjuvant setting and microscopic assessment of pathologic response provide a good foundation for the future standardization of pathology practice.