A Hybrid Energy Sources Based System for Powertrain of Electric Vehicles

In this article, a hybrid energy sources based system is presented for powertrain of electric vehicles. The proposed system have continuous input and output currents at all the ports, which improves the cycle life of hybrid energy storages [supercapacitor (SC) and battery] and the dc-link capacitor. The SC supplies or absorbs a large amount of power during acceleration or regenerative braking operation. Moreover, the battery is avoided for frequent charging by regenerative energy, which further improves the battery's cycle life. Most of the time, the battery is used to supply energy under cruising mode. An effective and simpler control strategy have been developed for energy management among the energy sources, which provides smooth transition among the modes. A frequency domain (Bode plot) based method is used for controller design of the proposed system. Further, a detailed loss analysis of the converter presented in propulsion and regenerative braking modes. Finally, the proposed system is verified by extensive hardware results.