Prevalence and source of entanglements in Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in South Africa

Global pollution is increasing, and marine mammals are commonly affected by marine debris. This study combined data from multiple sources to help understand the prevalence, characteristics and demographic profile of Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) entangled in anthropogenic items. Overall, 383 cases of entanglement in seals were identified with a regional prevalence for South Africa of 0.12 %, i.e., just over one in every thousand animals. Fishing materials were the primary cause of entanglements (70 %), with most entanglements observed on adults (n = 249, 65 %), particularly adult females (n = 95, 66 % of all sex-determined entangled seals). This study highlights the need for correct disposal of waste, particularly that derived from the fishing industry to mitigate the impact of marine pollution on the welfare and conservation of marine fauna in South Africa.