{"title":"估算含有超大颗粒的砾质土壤的压实干密度","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101379","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compacted dry density of gravelly soils containing particles that are too large for ordinary laboratory compaction tests is usually estimated by measuring the dry density of the base sample obtained by removing over-sized particles then correcting the measured value by the Walker-Holtz Equation (W&H Eq.). It is known that the W&H Eq. overestimates the dry density of gravelly soils and this trend becomes stronger as the mass ratio <em>P</em> of oversized particles increases. It seems that a satisfactory solution is not yet available. A comprehensive series of laboratory compaction tests was performed on a wide variety of gravelly soil samples with different particle sizes, grading uniformities and particle shapes. The followings were found. The ratio, <em>X</em>, of the maximum dry density predicted by the W&H Eq. to the measured value increases linearly from unity as <em>P</em> increases from zero up to approximately 0.75. The slope of the <em>X</em>-<em>P</em> relation, (<em>X</em> − 1.0) / <em>P</em>, increases as the coefficient of uniformity or the fines content of the base sample increases and as the gravel particles become more angular in a synergistic manner. It is proposed to estimate the maximum dry density of compacted gravelly soil containing oversized particles by dividing the value predicted from the W&H Eq. by <em>X</em> obtained from the substitution of <em>P</em> into the relevant <em>X</em>-<em>P</em> relation. Proposed based on the above is an effective and efficient compaction method for gravelly soils containing oversized particles that controls the degree of saturation and the compaction energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Estimating the compacted dry density of gravelly soil with oversized particles\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101379\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The compacted dry density of gravelly soils containing particles that are too large for ordinary laboratory compaction tests is usually estimated by measuring the dry density of the base sample obtained by removing over-sized particles then correcting the measured value by the Walker-Holtz Equation (W&H Eq.). It is known that the W&H Eq. overestimates the dry density of gravelly soils and this trend becomes stronger as the mass ratio <em>P</em> of oversized particles increases. It seems that a satisfactory solution is not yet available. A comprehensive series of laboratory compaction tests was performed on a wide variety of gravelly soil samples with different particle sizes, grading uniformities and particle shapes. The followings were found. The ratio, <em>X</em>, of the maximum dry density predicted by the W&H Eq. to the measured value increases linearly from unity as <em>P</em> increases from zero up to approximately 0.75. The slope of the <em>X</em>-<em>P</em> relation, (<em>X</em> − 1.0) / <em>P</em>, increases as the coefficient of uniformity or the fines content of the base sample increases and as the gravel particles become more angular in a synergistic manner. It is proposed to estimate the maximum dry density of compacted gravelly soil containing oversized particles by dividing the value predicted from the W&H Eq. by <em>X</em> obtained from the substitution of <em>P</em> into the relevant <em>X</em>-<em>P</em> relation. Proposed based on the above is an effective and efficient compaction method for gravelly soils containing oversized particles that controls the degree of saturation and the compaction energy.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56013,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transportation Geotechnics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transportation Geotechnics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214391224002009\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CIVIL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transportation Geotechnics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214391224002009","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
砾质土壤中的颗粒过大,无法进行普通的实验室压实试验,通常通过测量去除过大颗粒后获得的基底样本的干密度,然后用沃克-霍兹方程(W&H Eq.)对测量值进行修正,从而估算出砾质土壤的压实干密度。众所周知,W&H 公式会高估砾质土壤的干密度,而且随着超大颗粒质量比 P 的增加,这种趋势会越来越明显。目前似乎还没有令人满意的解决方案。对各种不同粒径、级配均匀度和颗粒形状的砾质土样本进行了一系列全面的实验室压实试验。结果如下W&H 公式预测的最大干密度与测量值的比值 X,随着 P 从零增加到约 0.75,从统一值线性增加。X-P 关系的斜率 (X - 1.0) / P 会随着基样均匀系数或细粒含量的增加以及砾石颗粒在协同作用下变得更有棱角而增加。建议将 W&H 公式的预测值除以将 P 代入相关 X-P 关系中得到的 X,从而估算出含有过大颗粒的压实砾质土的最大干密度。根据上述方法,我们提出了一种有效且高效的压实方法,用于含有过大颗粒的砾质土壤,该方法可控制饱和度和压实能量。
Estimating the compacted dry density of gravelly soil with oversized particles
The compacted dry density of gravelly soils containing particles that are too large for ordinary laboratory compaction tests is usually estimated by measuring the dry density of the base sample obtained by removing over-sized particles then correcting the measured value by the Walker-Holtz Equation (W&H Eq.). It is known that the W&H Eq. overestimates the dry density of gravelly soils and this trend becomes stronger as the mass ratio P of oversized particles increases. It seems that a satisfactory solution is not yet available. A comprehensive series of laboratory compaction tests was performed on a wide variety of gravelly soil samples with different particle sizes, grading uniformities and particle shapes. The followings were found. The ratio, X, of the maximum dry density predicted by the W&H Eq. to the measured value increases linearly from unity as P increases from zero up to approximately 0.75. The slope of the X-P relation, (X − 1.0) / P, increases as the coefficient of uniformity or the fines content of the base sample increases and as the gravel particles become more angular in a synergistic manner. It is proposed to estimate the maximum dry density of compacted gravelly soil containing oversized particles by dividing the value predicted from the W&H Eq. by X obtained from the substitution of P into the relevant X-P relation. Proposed based on the above is an effective and efficient compaction method for gravelly soils containing oversized particles that controls the degree of saturation and the compaction energy.
期刊介绍:
Transportation Geotechnics is a journal dedicated to publishing high-quality, theoretical, and applied papers that cover all facets of geotechnics for transportation infrastructure such as roads, highways, railways, underground railways, airfields, and waterways. The journal places a special emphasis on case studies that present original work relevant to the sustainable construction of transportation infrastructure. The scope of topics it addresses includes the geotechnical properties of geomaterials for sustainable and rational design and construction, the behavior of compacted and stabilized geomaterials, the use of geosynthetics and reinforcement in constructed layers and interlayers, ground improvement and slope stability for transportation infrastructures, compaction technology and management, maintenance technology, the impact of climate, embankments for highways and high-speed trains, transition zones, dredging, underwater geotechnics for infrastructure purposes, and the modeling of multi-layered structures and supporting ground under dynamic and repeated loads.