Performance evaluation of frequency-modulated NR–DCSK using compound chaotic sequence under alpha–mu fading channel

This work evaluates the performance of frequency-modulated noise reduction-differential chaos shift keying (FM-NR–DCSK) when using a compound chaotic sequence (CCS) under a multipath fading channel. To construct a more complex and random CCS, the outputs of chaotic maps like the logistic map, tent map, Chebyshev map and Henon map are incorporated. In this scheme, the CCS is first frequency-modulated (FM) to generate a signal with constant energy per bit. This improves the bit error rate (BER) performance of noise reduction-differential chaos shift keying (NR–DCSK). The functionality of the CCS-based FM-NR–DCSK system is being assessed in the presence of both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and alpha–mu (α–µ) fading to determine its efficacy. In conclusion, we analyse the effectiveness of the CCS compared to other existing chaotic maps.