Synthesis and Importance of Coumarin Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: A Comprehensive Review

Coumarins are the natural products which are characterized as 1,2-benzopyrones. The discovery of coumarins is done with enlarged chemical space through many synthetic course of action. They are found in many plants such as cinnamon, tonka beans, and sweet clover. Cassia cinnamon has the highest amount of coumarin whereas Ceylon cinnamon has the lowest. Many biological activities and applications of coumarins are attributed to their capacity to engage in non-covalent interactions with numerous enzymes and receptors found in living organisms. Some of the pharmacological properties are anticancer, anticoagulant, antifungal, antiviral, antitubercular, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacteria, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, anticonvulsant, antiparasitic, antineurodegenerative, etc. A review has been carried out based on various pharmacological activities containing Coumarin derivatives to rationalize the activities based on the structural variations. Coumarin derivatives have been attracting increasing interest for their usefulness and excellent contribution in the prevention, curing, and treatment of the diseases, growth modulation, cell growth and regulation of immune response.