捕食者与猎物之间的不对称军备竞赛:生命--晚餐原则与稀有--敌人原则之间的拉锯战。

IF 3.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Donald James McLean, Marie E Herberstein, Hanna Kokko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对抗性共同进化可能是不对称的,即一个物种落后于另一个物种。捕食者与猎物之间的不对称可以用 "生命--晚餐原则 "来表示,这是一个经典的非正式模型,它预测猎物在某种意义上应该在这场军备竞赛中领先,因为猎物是在为自己的生命而奔跑,而捕食者则是在为自己的晚餐而奔跑,所以猎物落后于捕食者。令人惊讶的是,该模型很少受到理论上的仔细研究。我们推导出的分析模型表明,共同进化的结果并不总是符合生命-晚餐原则。我们的研究结果表明,其他重要的不对称现象很容易使结果发生逆转,尤其是稀有敌害原则:捕食者的数量通常比猎物多,有时甚至多得多(营养不对称),这可能使对猎物的选择相对较弱。此外,我们还发现,在捕食者和猎物一开始跑得同样快的情况下,对立双方通常会表现出不同的进化反应。尽管捕食者有时会变得非常高效,以至于攻击总是成功,但攻击成功率往往会达到一个稳定的中间值。我们的结论是,"生命-晚餐 "原则作为一种隐喻具有一定的合理性,但其作用属于 "其他条件相同 "的类型,很容易被进化动态的其他特征所取代,这一点令人惊讶。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Asymmetric arms races between predators and prey: a tug of war between the life-dinner principle and the rare-enemy principle.

Antagonistic co-evolution can be asymmetric, where one species lags behind another. Asymmetry in a predator-prey context is expressed by the 'life-dinner principle', a classic informal model predicting that prey should be in some sense ahead in this arms race, since prey are running for their lives, while predators lag as they only run for their dinner. The model has undergone surprisingly little theoretical scrutiny. We derive analytical models that show coevolutionary outcomes do not always align with the life-dinner principle. Our results show that other important asymmetries can easily reverse the outcome, especially the rare-enemy principle: predators are usually outnumbered by their prey, sometimes substantially (trophic asymmetry), which can make selection on prey relatively weak. We additionally show that the antagonists typically exhibit different evolutionary responses to a situation where both predator and prey start out as equally fast runners. Although predators sometimes become so efficient that attacks always succeed, attack success often reaches a stable intermediate value. We conclude that the life-dinner principle has some validity as a metaphor, but its effect is of an 'all else being equal' type, which is surprisingly easily overridden by other features of the evolutionary dynamics.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
502
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Proceedings B is the Royal Society’s flagship biological research journal, accepting original articles and reviews of outstanding scientific importance and broad general interest. The main criteria for acceptance are that a study is novel, and has general significance to biologists. Articles published cover a wide range of areas within the biological sciences, many have relevance to organisms and the environments in which they live. The scope includes, but is not limited to, ecology, evolution, behavior, health and disease epidemiology, neuroscience and cognition, behavioral genetics, development, biomechanics, paleontology, comparative biology, molecular ecology and evolution, and global change biology.
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