Clinical decision-making during childbirth in health facilities from the perspectives of labouring women, relatives, and health care providers: A scoping review.

Problem: For health care providers to ensure appropriate decision-making in clinical settings during childbirth, facilitators and barriers must be identified.

Background: Women who experience a sense of control by participating in the decision-making process, are more likely to have a positive birth experience. However, decision-making may involve hierarchies of close observation and control.

Aim: The aim of the scoping review was to map and summarise existing literature on the process of clinical decision-making during childbirth from the perspective of labouring women, relatives and health care providers.

Methods: We carried out a scoping review in line with Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. The search identified studies in Scandinavian or English languages from 2010 - Jan 2023 comprising evidence at different levels of the pyramid, resulting in 18.227 hits. Following the PRISMA checklist, the final inclusion comprised 62 papers.

Findings: Four main categories summarized the importance of the following factors: 1) Woman-caregiver relationship, with sub-categories The importance of communication and Midwifery care, 2) Consent and legal issues, 3) Organization, with sub-categories Medicalization, Working atmosphere, and Complexity, and 4) Decision-making tools and models, with sub-categories Shared decision-making, and Other tools and models for decision-making.

Conclusion: Balancing intuition and expertise of caregivers with evidence-based practices, is crucial to ensure women's participation in decision-making. Furthermore, a trusting relationship between the mother, partner, and health care provider is of utmost importance. Shared decision-making, which appeared to be the primary model for clinical decision-making regardless context, requires reflective practice and is a communication strategy.