Adherence to ESMO guidelines on cancer pain management and their applicability to specialist palliative care centers: An observational, prospective, and multicenter study.

Introduction: Pain management in late-stage cancer patients is a complex clinical problem. The historical guidelines were from the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently, ESMO produced guidelines consistent with 52 recommendations applicable to the entire period of disease since the pain appears.

Aim: To evaluate the appropriateness and applicability of ESMO guidelines (EGL) in advanced cancer patients admitted to palliative care.

Method: An observational, prospective, multicentric study conducted by specialist palliative care centers on cancer patients in the advanced stage. The 52 recommendations were divided into eight macro areas. The adherence levels were expressed as a percentage for each recommendation and have been broken down as high (>75%), medium (50%-75%), and low (<50%). In the case of not adhering to a recommendation, the comment was "not applicable" (NA) or not evaluable (NE).

Results: Four hundred seventy-six patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty-five recommendations were considered NA or NE, especially because their application took too long to achieve clinical results, given the condition of the patients. Some interesting opinions on the choice of drugs emerged. At the end of the study, pain dropped from 5.0 to 2.6, patients' satisfaction increased from 3.3 to 4.6, and quality of life improved from 4.4 to 5.5.

Conclusions: Palliative physicians' adherence to EGL was medium. The main contribution of this study was to evaluate their applicability and clinical results in far-advanced patients assisted by palliative care. The selection of useful recommendations and expert opinions can make a contribution to clinical practice.